A multi-technique approach to the chemical characterization of colored inks in contemporary art: The materials of Lucio Fontana

Zaffino, Chiara; Passaretti, Arianna; Poldi, Gianluca; Fratelli, M.; Tibiletti, Alessandra; Bestetti, Roberto; Saccani, Ilaria; Guglielmi, Vittoria; Bruni, Silvia

doi:10.1016/j.culher.2016.09.006

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…SERS was also used by our group and others for the identification of dye content in ballpoint pens . Recently, SERS was also used in combination with other analytical techniques for the identification of dyes in commercial felt‐tip pens and used to identify colorants in colored inks used by artists such as Lucio Fontana and Federico Fellini . As an increasing number of modern artworks are already entering a state of high degradation, the inherent noninvasiveness, high sensitivity, and efficient quenching of interfering fluorescence signals could make SERS the analytical technique of choice to support the development of long‐term conservation methods for modern artworks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handheld surface‐enhanced Raman scattering identification of dye chemical composition in felt‐tip pen drawings

Saviello¹,

Gioia²,

Turenne³

et al. 2018

J Raman Spectroscopy

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A handheld Raman spectrometer is used for the first time to perform surfaceenhanced Raman scattering (SERS) analysis of felt-tip pen drawings on paper.The use of SERS combined with near-infrared excitation wavelength allows overcoming the strong fluorescence background interference so that diagnostic spectra are obtained from drawings made by 18 pens of 10 different colors and five different brands. The analysis reveals that often mixtures of two or more dyes are used by pen manufactures in order to obtain the desired color hue and also that same colors from different pen brands often display different dye composition. Handheld SERS is also used for revealing the dye content of historical felt tip pens extensively used by the Italian film director Federico Fellini. The results from this work open the way to the use of handheld instrumentation for analysis of ink-based art works and documents and also provide a starting point towards the creation of a reference SERS database for dye identification.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handheld surface‐enhanced Raman scattering identification of dye chemical composition in felt‐tip pen drawings

Saviello¹,

Gioia²,

Turenne³

et al. 2018

J Raman Spectroscopy

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“…painting samples, [23][24][25] and watercolor pigments. 26 The ability to identify individual dyes within several dye mixtures was also reported by Whitney et al who used silver lm over nanospheres (AgFONs) as SERS substrates for the identication of several artists' red dye mixtures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Plasmonic colloidal pastes for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of historical felt-tip pens

et al. 2018

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Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been identified as a suitable technique for the analysis of colorants in works of art. Herein, the application of SERS to the identification of dye compositions in historical felt-tip pens is reported, which is of paramount importance for the development of appropriate conservation protocols for historical drawings. In this study, three pens (pink, green, and blue colors) belonging to the film director Federico Fellini were analyzed. SERS measurements were performed directly on the pen lines drawn on a commercial paper by the deposition of Ag colloidal pastes, which allowed fast in situ dye identification without the need for extraction or hydrolysis treatments. Eosin Y was identified as the only dye present in the pink pen ink, whereas erioglaucine was found to be the main dye component in green and blue pen inks. SERS also resulted in highly efficient identification of the individual dyes erioglaucine, crystal violet, and rhodamine present as a mixture in the blue pen ink.The high SERS sensitivity was ascribed to the plasmonic effects and efficient quenching of the fluorescence interference of dyes. A comparison with contemporary pen inks highlighted minor differences in the chemical composition. These results prove that SERS can be used as a fast and sensitive analytical tool for ink analysis that provides invaluable support for the general assessment of the date, provenance, and originality of the historical drawings as well as for the development of preventive conservation protocols.

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“…In the approach here discussed, the problem of fluorescence emission, possibly hiding Raman scattering, was faced by the choice of near‐infrared (NIR) exciting radiation (1,064 nm) using a Fourier‐transform (FT) Raman spectrometer or, even better, of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Indeed, the latter technique gives rise to an intensified Raman response of the analyzed dyes and at the same time quenches their fluorescence emission, as demonstrated in the literature both for natural and synthetic dyes. Finally, in order to identify dyes in mixture, as commonly encountered in commercial fluorescent paints, SERS was combined with TLC as separation technique, as already suggested in the literature for the natural dye Syrian rue and the first synthetic dye mauve .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

The brightest colors: A Fourier‐transform Raman, surface‐enhanced Raman, and thin‐layer chromatography‐surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy study of fluorescent artists' paints

Boscacci

Francone²,

Galli

et al. 2020

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Among the so‐called “special effect” pigments, fluorescent ones play an important role, thanks to their application to a wide range of objects in everyday life. Also in the artistic field, they have been exploited since 1950s by several painters (among others Andy Warhol and Frank Stella), thus representing a particular class of materials with which conservators must confront themselves. Not much information is available about the complete composition of commercial fluorescent paints that are based on fluorescent dyes dispersed in a transparent and brittle resin. Herein, Fourier‐transform Raman spectroscopy and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) were used to recognize the main dye components of the paints, whereas thin‐layer chromatography was coupled with SERS to better distinguish further chromophore mixes responsible for the color and/or the fluorescence emission due to the presence of optical brighteners. This methodology results suitable to more fully define the composition of such fluorescent paints originally used by artists in their works, thus providing valuable information to conservators for restoration and retouching efforts.

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A multi-technique approach to the chemical characterization of colored inks in contemporary art: The materials of Lucio Fontana

Cited by 28 publications

References 24 publications

Handheld surface‐enhanced Raman scattering identification of dye chemical composition in felt‐tip pen drawings

Handheld surface‐enhanced Raman scattering identification of dye chemical composition in felt‐tip pen drawings

Plasmonic colloidal pastes for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of historical felt-tip pens

The brightest colors: A Fourier‐transform Raman, surface‐enhanced Raman, and thin‐layer chromatography‐surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy study of fluorescent artists' paints

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