A multicenter longitudinal study of the prevalence and mortality rate of systemic lupus erythematosus patients in Oman: Oman Lupus Study

Abstract

Aim This study is a longitudinal multicenter study which aims to find the prevalence, the demographic data, survival and mortality rates of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Oman. Method All Omani patients, pediatrics and adults diagnosed with SLE, who fulfill either the 1997 American College of Rheumatology or Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classifications criteria for SLE were included from January 2006 till February 2020. Results In total 1160 patients were included in this cohort. Data analysis showed that patient’s ages ranged from 2‐82 years with female predominance and female‐to‐male ratio of 7:1 (87.7% female,12.3% male). The mean prevalence of SLE among different age groups was 38.8 (range 5‐63 per 100 000 inhabitants). The mortality rate was found to be 5%. Male patients had significantly higher mortality rate than females (7.6% vs 5.4%, P value = .04). Sepsis was the commonest cause of mortality (34%). The coexistence of systemic sclerosis correlates significantly with death (P = .002). Survival analysis in our data showed 5, 10, 20, 40‐year survival rates of 100%, 100%, 99% and 90% respectively for antinuclear antibody (ANA) positive patients and lower survival rate for ANA negative patients with 5,10, 20, 40‐year survival rates of 100, 99%, 99% and 75%, respectively. Conclusion This study showed that the mean prevalence of SLE in Oman to be 38.8 (range 5‐63) per 100 000 inhabitants. The 40‐year survival rate among patients with positive ANA was found to be 90%, while patients with negative ANA had worse survival outcomes.

Long-Term Outcome in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; Knowledge from Population-Based Cohorts

“…The case finding methodology and SLE ascertainment in all included cohorts is described in Supplementary Materials Table S1. All but three study locations included only SLE patients who fulfilled four or more of the American College of Rheumatology SLE classification criteria [8][9][10][11].…”

“…Five and ten-year survival differed in incident cohorts with patient inclusion before and after 1990 (five-year survival 80% versus 92% and ten-year survival 63% versus 88%) [10,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. For all studies with patient inclusion starting after 1990, the five-year survival was 90% or more, except for Barbados and Wisconsin [9,11,14,20,23,27,29]. In studies on total SLE cohorts, the SMR ranges from 1.9 to 4.6 [9,19,20,26,27,[30][31][32].…”

Lupus nephritis: A focus on the United Arab Emirates and the potential role of genetics

“…8 The other study was a large study of 1160 SLE patients conducted in Oman, which estimated the prevalence to be 38.8 per 100,000 population. 9 The considerable variation in prevalence in the three studies is likely due to differences in the methodological approaches. More data on the prevalence of SLE in the GCC region is needed.…”

“…In the Arabian Peninsula region, several studies have been conducted to investigate the magnitude of the SLE and LN in their populations. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Most of the studies are very old, reporting cases from the 1990s and early 2000s. Additionally, some of these studies did not include clear clinical standards for diagnosing and characterizing LN.…”

Systemic lupus erythematosus increases risk of incident atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…20 In O'Neal et al's 21 study, they indicated that AF is more prevalent in Blacks than Whites (White being the main ethnic group in Europe and the USA). Also, Al-adhoubi et al 22 reported that the incidence and prevalence of SLE may be attributed to geographic differences. Therefore, SLE may be a risk factor for AF development and the results may vary with geographic distribution.…”