A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study to Characterize Patients Hospitalized With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults and Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the United States, 2020–2021

Abstract

Background The diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) requires distinguishing it from acute COVID-19 and may impact clinical management. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we applied the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention case definition to identify adults hospitalized with MIS-A at six academic medical centers during March 1, 2020–December 31, 2021. MIS-A patients were matched on age group, sex, site, and admission date at a 1:2 ratio to patients hospitalized with acute symptomatic COVID-19. Conditional logistic regression was used to compare demographics, presenting symptoms, laboratory and imaging results, treatments administered, and outcomes between cohorts. Results Through medical record review of 10,223 patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2-associated illness, we identified 53 MIS-A cases. Compared with 106 matched COVID-19 patients, MIS-A patients were more likely to be non-Hispanic Black and less likely to be non-Hispanic White. MIS-A patients more likely had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 ≥ 14 days prior to hospitalization, more likely had positive in-hospital SARS-CoV-2 serologic testing, and more often presented with gastrointestinal symptoms and chest pain. They were less likely to have underlying medical conditions and to present with cough and dyspnea. On admission, MIS-A patients had higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, ferritin, procalcitonin and D-dimer, compared with COVID-19 patients. MIS-A patients had longer hospitalization and more likely required intensive care admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, and vasopressors. Mortality was 6% in both cohorts. Conclusions Compared with patients with acute symptomatic COVID-19, adults with MIS-A more often manifest certain symptoms and laboratory findings early during hospitalization. These features may facilitate diagnosis and management.