A Multicentered Study of Lysine Therapy in Herpes simplex Infection

Griffith, R. S.; Norins, Arthur L.; Kagan, Christopher

doi:10.1159/000250926

Cited by 101 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The safety record of Lys use in humans is established (47), with most supplemental Lys being used to suppress herpes simplex (48) and to raise the biological value of dietary protein (10,49). Although it is too early to leap from rodent studies to the implications in humans, our data propose a therapeutic use of Lys in the treatment of stress-related intestinal disorders, in which 5-HT sensitization and concurrent anxiety disorder are diagnosed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

l -Lysine acts like a partial serotonin receptor 4 antagonist and inhibits serotonin-mediated intestinal pathologies and anxiety in rats

Smriga

Torii

2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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S tress and stress-induced anxiety play a major role in functional intestinal disorders (1). The stimulation of intestinal contraction and colonic transit are the most consistent patterns in the motility response of the intestinal tract to acute stress (2, 3); however, the stress-gut interactions are enormously complex (1). Both stress-induced anxiety and intestinal disorders are traced, from among other molecular pathologies, to the inappropriate responses of the central and͞or peripheral serotonin (5-HT) system (4, 5). Among the 5-HT receptors, the 5-HT 4 receptor plays a ''prostress'' role in the gut and throughout the body by mobilizing energy and facilitating behavioral, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular stress responses (6, 7).5-HT 4 receptors are located within the cells and neurons of the gastrointestinal tract (6,8). Agonists on the 5-HT 4 receptor increase cholinergic transmission (9) and thus contract the smooth muscle in the rat and guinea pig ileum † and the human colon (11). Antagonists on the 5-HT 4 receptor do not affect normal, healthy gut function (12) but prevent the disturbances caused by stress (4) or high 5-HT activity (13). Thus, 5-HT 4 receptor antagonists are promising targets for the treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (12). In addition to their effect on the gastrointestinal tract, 5-HT 4 antagonists block corticosteroid secretion in the adrenal cortex (14), 5-HTinduced tachycardia (15, 16), and stress-induced anxiety (17).However, the 5-HT receptor system is heterogeneous (18), and direct receptor targeting often causes side effects, such as diarrhea, gastric bleeding, and anxiety (19). Therefore, it is not surprising that few satisfying pharmacological treatments of stress-triggered, 5-HT-mediated intestinal disorders exist and that other therapeutic approaches, namely nutritional ones, are sought (20)(21)(22)). An interesting candidate to include in ''nutritional management'' of stress-related gastrointestinal disorders would be an essential amino acid, L-lysine (Lys). Lys blunted stress-induced anxiety in rats (23), whereas a dietary deficiency of Lys increased stress-induced colonic transit and anxiety, because of an enhanced transmission of 5-HT in the amygdala (24).Because the effects of Lys overlap with the ''antistress'' effects of the 5-HT 4 receptor antagonists (4), we hypothesized that dietary Lys could act as a partial antagonist on the 5-HT 4 receptors. The present study examined whether the provision of oral L-lysine might result in the blockage of 5-HT-mediated pathologies linked to stress exposure and͞or 5-HT sensitization in rats. Ileum contractions, stress-induced fecal excretion, diarrhea, anxiety, and tachycardia were monitored. The fractions obtained were washed once by centrifugation with 10-fold volume of the buffer, and the microsomal fraction was stored as receptor at Ϫ80°C until use. To determine the binding degree, the inhibition rate of Lys and a positive reference substance were calculated from binding of a tracer to a receptor. D...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

l -Lysine acts like a partial serotonin receptor 4 antagonist and inhibits serotonin-mediated intestinal pathologies and anxiety in rats

Smriga

Torii

2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Restric tion of dietary L-arginine in subjects prone to recurrent HSV lesions and supplementa tion of the diet with L-lysine may reduce herpes recurrence [3]. Clinical trials in 45 subjects with persistent recurring herpes in fections [4] showed encouraging evidence to support the use of L-lysine supplementation to inhibit HSV attacks. L-Lysine pro phylaxis in recurrent herpes labialis was evaluated in a double-blind crossover clini cal study [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both McCune [8] and Griffith [4] showed no carry-over effect after stopping the L-lysine. Within 1-2 weeks after stopping the L-lysine prophylaxis, many of the subjects had a recurrence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In published medical reports, Kagan [3], Griffith et al [4], Milman et al [5], Simon et al [6] and Walsh et al [7] have indicated that L-lysine is effective in suppressing recurrent attacks, and speeding the healing of herpes. McCune et al [8], in a blind crossover study, also observed a reduction in the number of herpes attacks in subjects receiving L-lysine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Success of <i>L</i>-Lysine Therapy in Frequently Recurrent Herpes simplex Infection

Griffith

Walsh²,

Myrmel³

et al. 1987

Dermatology

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A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial of oral L-lysine monohydrochloride for the prevention and treatment of recurrent herpes simplex (HSV) infection was conducted. The treatment group was given L-Lysine monohydrochloride tablets (1,000 mg L-lysine per dose) 3 times a day for 6 months. A total of 27 (6 male and 21 female) subjects on L-lysine and 25 (6 male and 19 female) subjects on placebo completed the trial. The L-lysine treatment group had an average of 2.4 (p < 0.05) less HSV infections, symptoms were significantly (p < 0.05) diminished in severity and healing time was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). L-Lysine appears to be an effective agent for reduction of occurrence, severity and healing time for recurrent HSV infection.

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“…Oral administration of L-Iysine was reported effective in the treatment of HSV cutaneous infection on the basis of an uncontrolled clinical study [Griffith et al, 1978], Adenine arabinoside, for infusion, is approved in the United States for treatment of HSV-induced encephalitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Efficacy of Ribavirin in the Treatment of Genital Herpes simplex Virus Infection

Bierman¹,

Kirkpatrick²,

Fernandez³

1981

Chemotherapy

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48 patients participated in a double-blind placebo-controlled study conducted to evaluate the efficacy of ribavirin in the treatment of herpes simplex virus genital infection. Study design did not allow a conclusion regarding usefulness of the drug in preventing recurrences. Ribavirin treatment (800mg/day p.o.) for 10 days reduced disease severity and promoted recovery as compared with placebo treatment.

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A Multicentered Study of Lysine Therapy in Herpes simplex Infection

Cited by 101 publications

References 14 publications

l -Lysine acts like a partial serotonin receptor 4 antagonist and inhibits serotonin-mediated intestinal pathologies and anxiety in rats

l -Lysine acts like a partial serotonin receptor 4 antagonist and inhibits serotonin-mediated intestinal pathologies and anxiety in rats

Success of <i>L</i>-Lysine Therapy in Frequently Recurrent Herpes simplex Infection

Clinical Efficacy of Ribavirin in the Treatment of Genital Herpes simplex Virus Infection

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