A Multicompartmental Dynamic Computer-controlled Model Simulating the Stomach and Small Intestine

Abstract

A multicompartmental in vitro model has been described, which simulates the dynamic events occurring within the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract of man and monogastric animals. The accuracy of the model for reproducing in vivo data on gastrointestinal transit, pH, bile salt concentrations and the absorption of glucose was tested. The in vivo conditions simulated in the model were based on studies in healthy human volunteers. Mathematical modelling of gastric and ileal delivery with power exponential equations was used for the computer control of meal transit. The model appeared to reproduce accurately the pre-set data on meal transit, pH and bile salt concentrations in the different gastrointestinal compartments. Glucose absorption from the small intestine was almost complete. This model reproduces very closely the dynamic conditions based on the in vivo situation in monogastric animals and man. Therefore, the model can be an important tool in studying the fate of ingested components (for example, food, microorganisms and medicines) during gastrointestinal transit and, consequently, may contribute to the replacement of studies using laboratory animals.

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli pathogenesis: role of Long polar fimbriae in Peyer’s patches interactions

“…Human upper digestive tract conditions were reproduced by the dynamic TNO GastroIntestinal model (TIM, TNO) in which four serial compartments simulate the stomach and the three segments of the small intestine, i.e. duodenum, jejunum, and ileum 67 . The main parameters of human digestion, are reproduced as accurately as possible based upon in vivo data ( Supplemental Table 2 ).…”

Higher microbial diversity in raw than in pasteurized milk Raclette-type cheese enhances peptide and metabolite diversity after in vitro digestion

“…The pepsin solution was prepared to cover 2000 U/ mL of gastric content (Minekus, et al, 2014) and the amount of pepsin needed was calculated based on the activity measured in the powder. The intestinal pH conditions were set up, as previously reported (Minekus, Marteau, Havenaar, & Huis in T Veld, 1995). Intestinal pH was maintained at 6.8 during the first two hours and then at 6.6 until the end by addition of NaHCO 3 1 mol/L.…”

In vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability of iron from breads fortified with microencapsulated iron

“…Developed at AINIA, Centro Tecnológico (Valencia, Spain), the multi-compartmental, computer-controlled DGD mimics the upper gastrointestinal tract of human adults. The dynamics of peristaltic mixing, gastric emptying and intestinal transit times, as well as gastric and intestinal pH values, were simulated in a computercontrolled process (Marteau et al, 1990) , (Minekus et al, 1995). First, the samples were homogenized twice using an Ultra-Turrax with 100 mL of gastric electrolyte solution (NaCl, CaCl 2 and NaHCO 3 ) for 10 s (8000 rpm).…”