A multidimensional scaling analysis of empathy

Sanson-Fisher, Bob

doi:10.1002/1097-4679(197810)34:4<971::aid-jclp2270340431>3.0.co;2-w

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…and counselors [19][20][21] and has been modified for use in the health care setting. [22][23][24] All of the videotapes were reviewed by B.A.P., who was trained by a faculty member who routinely scored resident physician encounters in the department.…”

Section: Silence or Confusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encouraging Patient-Centered Care by Including Quality-of-Life Questions on Pre-Encounter Forms

Purkaple

Mold

Chen

2016

The Annals of Family Medicine

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PURPOSE Patient participation in clinical decision making improves outcomes, including quality of life (QOL), but the typical problem-oriented approach may impede consideration of functional goals. We wondered if patients could encourage primary care physicians to pay attention to their QOL goals by writing them on pre-encounter forms. METHODSWe conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing the impact of 2 different pre-visit questionnaires on the content of patient-physician encounters in a family medicine practice at an academic medical center. Using investigatorblinded block randomization, we arranged for 8 faculty and 8 resident physicians to participate in 2 intervention and 2 control videotaped encounters each for a total of 64 encounters. The intervention questionnaire included questions about QOL goals and concerns, while the control questionnaire asked about symptoms. Videotapes were reviewed to determine whether the patients' QOL goals were mentioned and whether they were used in decision making. We also scored encounters using Modified Flanders Interaction Analysis, which assesses and codifies patient and physician communication, and the Modified Carkhuff-Truax Scale, which measures empathy, attending, congruence, and positive regard. RESULTSPatients were able to record QOL goals and concerns, but QOL issues were mentioned in only 2 of the 64 encounters, once by a patient and once by a physician. In neither case was this information used in decision making. More empathy was expressed by physicians during control encounters (P = .03). CONCLUSIONSPatients were able to articulate their QOL goals on paper, but that did not prime them or their physicians to alter the process or content of the clinical encounters. In fact, providing QOL information was associated with reduced physician empathy. Ann Fam Med 2016;14:221-226. doi: 10.1370/afm.1905. INTRODUCTIONP atient participation in clinical decision making improves outcomes, including quality of life (QOL). [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Yet physicians tend to focus on diseases and symptoms rather than on patient-oriented outcomes such as the ability to participate in meaningful life activities. [8][9] This problem-oriented approach is the one taught in most medical schools and reinforced by coding and billing requirements, clinical practice guidelines, and electronic medical record systems.10 Such an indirect approach to goal attainment assumes that patients' health goals will be achieved if their problems can be solved or ameliorated, which may or may not be the case. It has been shown that verbal agreement between patients and physicians concerning what problems need to be addressed facilitates problem-solving and leads to better outcomes.11-12 Perhaps a more direct, patient-centered approach is needed in order to improve clinical decisionmaking and patient QOL.We wondered if patients could encourage their primary care physicians to use a more direct, patient-centered approach to care by using routine pre-encounter forms to alert their physicians to ...

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Section: Silence or Confusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encouraging Patient-Centered Care by Including Quality-of-Life Questions on Pre-Encounter Forms

Purkaple

Mold

Chen

2016

The Annals of Family Medicine

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Verbal Components of Emotional Empathy

Kalliopuska

1983

Percept Mot Skills

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Various theoretical approaches have been used to define the concept of empathy: psychoanalytical and egopsychological theories, object relations theories and cognitive psychological as well as humanistic views. Attempts have been made to synthesize these approaches. The physiological and kinaesthetic components of empathy have often been neglected, whereas the psychological and social components have been emphasized. Most consider emotional sensitivity and capacity for identification (of the affective components) and role-taking and perspective-taking capacity (of the cognitive aspects) as central components of empathy. 338 adults responded to the 1972 Mehrabian and Epstein scale of emotional empathy. Factor analysis yielded factors of emotional receptiveness, readiness for identification, and sympathy under labile control. Women proved more empathetic on all factors than men. Mehrabian and Epstein's scale appears useful in studying the central components of empathy.

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A multidimensional scaling analysis of empathy

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Encouraging Patient-Centered Care by Including Quality-of-Life Questions on Pre-Encounter Forms

Encouraging Patient-Centered Care by Including Quality-of-Life Questions on Pre-Encounter Forms

Verbal Components of Emotional Empathy

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