A Multidisciplinary Approach for an Effective and Rational Energy Transition in Crete Island, Greece

Katsaprakakis, Dimitris Al.; Michopoulos, Apostolos; Skoulou, Vasiliki; Dakanali, Eirini; Maragkaki, Aggeliki; Pappa, Stavroula; Antonakakis, Ioannis; Christakis, Dimitris G.; Condaxakis, Constantinos

doi:10.3390/en15093010

Cited by 14 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…According to what was stated in the article, customized transitional policies need to be devised. He also noted that the national objectives for the year 2030 include a decrease in CO 2 emissions of forty (40) percent and a penetration of renewable energy sources of thirty-two (32) percent in the overall energy mix. Regarding the transportation industry, it is anticipated that there will be a complete shift in the kind of fuels that are used, in addition to an increase in the number of electric cars and trains.…”

Section: Interconnections Of Islands In Greecementioning

confidence: 99%

“…By taking into consideration both technical and economic factors, pumped hydro storage systems are now the greatest alternative for power storage in Crete. Moreover, the deployment of these systems would strengthen the energy security of the island [32]. Because of both economic and technological considerations, the use of H 2 for the storage of power is not yet advised.…”

Section: Crete's Electricity Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Zero Carbon Emissions Due to Ultra-High RES Penetration in Interconnected Island

Karapidakis,

Mozakis,

Nikologiannis

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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European islands have been leading the charge in renewable energy innovation. Yet, the intermittent nature of sources like solar and wind poses challenges such as grid saturation and frequency variations. Limited interconnection with mainland grids exacerbates these issues, necessitating backup from conventional power sources during low-production periods. Until 2021, Crete operated independently, but new infrastructure now integrates it with the Greek mainland grid, facilitating swift energy transfers. This integration enables surplus power from Crete’s solar and wind systems to be transmitted to the mainland and vice versa. However, reliance on remote power production exposes the island to market fluctuations and distant disruptions, impacting electricity production. Storage technologies offer a solution, enhancing renewable energy penetration while reducing carbon emissions. Green hydrogen, a rising storage method, shows promise in offsetting carbon emissions. Its clean-burning nature minimizes environmental impact and reduces reliance on costly and harmful conventional sources. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of achieving carbon-neutral electricity production in Crete, Greece, using hydrogen storage to offset annual carbon emissions in a financially viable and sustainable manner. Hydrogen’s clean-burning properties reduce environmental impact and lessen dependence on expensive and environmentally harmful conventional sources. The methodology prioritizes the independence of the Cretan electricity system, utilizing electrolysis to produce green hydrogen and proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells for energy generation. It investigates the optimal expansion of renewable energy systems, including photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) parks, alongside the installation of hydrogen storage, under specific assumptions. This proposed installation aims to achieve both island independence and profitability, requiring an additional expansion in PV capacity of 2.13 GW, WT capacity of 3.55 GW, and a hydrogen system with electrolyzer and fuel cell capacities totaling 278.83 MW each, along with a hydrogen tank capacity of 69.20 MWh. The investment entails a capital expenditure (CAPEX) of 6,516,043,003.31 EUR for a nearly zero net present value (NPV) over 20 years. However, carbon neutrality cannot be attained through this optimal solution alone, as relying solely on carbon sequestration from olive groves, the primary crop cultivated on the island, is insufficient as a carbon sink method. The annual net carbon emissions from electricity production, island transport, residential heating, and carbon sequestration are estimated at 94,772.22 tCO2.

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Section: Interconnections Of Islands In Greecementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Crete's Electricity Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Zero Carbon Emissions Due to Ultra-High RES Penetration in Interconnected Island

Karapidakis,

Mozakis,

Nikologiannis

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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“…Another example is the use of an artificial neural network (ANN) which employs up to 10 different learning algorithms (i.e., fundamentally different algorithms). The internal parameters of the ANN were designed to efficiently map inputs to outputs with 23 different cargo datasets (i.e., different weather combinations when available) [99,100].…”

Section: The Impact Of the Covid-19 Pandemic On The Development Of Re...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviewing the Situation and Prospects for Developing Small Renewable Energy Systems in Poland

Witkowska-Dąbrowska,

Świdyńska,

Napiórkowska-Baryła

2023

Energies

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The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the number of small renewable energy sources (RES) power plants and the volume of generated energy in the years 2016–2020, with an outlook to year 2025. The study covered the area of Poland, including the division into provinces and different sources of renewable energy. Absolute values of electric power production and sale were presented, in addition to calculated structure indices. Moreover, the number and structure of small power plants using different renewable energy sources was determined for every Polish province. A classification of the provinces was made, where four classes were distinguished depending on the number of RES plants operating in the provinces. The research results allowed us to diagnose the current situation and make a prognosis for the future, which may translate into support for the development of particular types of installations, depending on the natural and economic characteristics of each area. The added value of the study stems from the fact that previous reports focused mainly on micro or large power plants and the time span covered data before and during the pandemic. This made it possible to assess the impact of the pandemic on the development of small renewable energy sources.

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“…It has been estimated that after the two interconnections of the electric grid all the power demand in the island, at 710 MW peak and 3TWh annual consumption, will be fully covered for the next 25 years. An effective and rational energy transition in Crete, Greece has been proposed [20]. The authors stated that the energy transition of the island can be achieved with a set of 14 wind parks and 12 heat and power co-generation (CHP) plants dispersed along Crete.…”

Section: The Electric System In Cretementioning

confidence: 99%

The Interconnection of the Electric Grid in the Island of Crete, Greece, and its Contribution to the Clean Energy Transition

Vourdoubas

2023

EJGEO

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The clean energy transition in islands is of paramount importance in the present era of climate change. The island of Crete, Greece has rich renewable energy resources which can be deployed for power generation. The clean energy transition of Crete, Greece, after the interconnection of its electric grid has been investigated. Solar and wind energy are already used with solar-PV systems and wind farms for electricity generation in Crete covering slightly more than 20% of its annual electricity demand. The elimination of fossil fuels’ use in the electricity sector in Crete deploying endogenous renewable energies is going to assist the achievement of the national and European goal for moving to net-zero carbon emissions societies. The maximum power that can be transferred through the two undersea electric cables interconnecting the grids of Crete and continental Greece is higher than the maximum power demand in Crete which currently does not exceed 700 MW. The size of the solar-PV systems generating the same amount of electricity which is currently produced with fossil fuels in Crete is at 1,698 MWp while their cost is around 2.04 bill. e. The corresponding size and cost of the wind farms are at 940.6 MW and 0.941 bill. e. Electricity storage in Crete either in PHES systems or in large-scale electric batteries will increase its energy security. The results, indicating that the de-carbonization of the electricity sector in Crete is technically and economically feasible, could be useful to policymakers, power companies, and local authorities on the island.

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A Multidisciplinary Approach for an Effective and Rational Energy Transition in Crete Island, Greece

Cited by 14 publications

References 67 publications

Zero Carbon Emissions Due to Ultra-High RES Penetration in Interconnected Island

Zero Carbon Emissions Due to Ultra-High RES Penetration in Interconnected Island

Reviewing the Situation and Prospects for Developing Small Renewable Energy Systems in Poland

The Interconnection of the Electric Grid in the Island of Crete, Greece, and its Contribution to the Clean Energy Transition

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