A multidisciplinary investigation on a pair of Leonardesque canal lock gates

Gallí, Anna; Gargano, Marco; Bonizzoni, Letizia; Giorgione, Claudio; Ludwig, Nicola; Maspero, Francesco; Orlandi, Marco; Zoia, Luca; Martini, M.

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2018.01.023

Cited by 2 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…MWC (%), GPC data output (M p in mol/g for benzoylated BZ and acetylated AC profiles), integration ratio C 1 /OCH 3 and X 5 /OCH 3 from HSQC spectra, intensity ratio 1505/1030 cm -1 from FT-IR spectra, and SEM images for the archaeological samples 1, 10, 13, 11, 6 and 12. � Analysed in [1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then we adopted ionic liquids (ILs) as non-derivatizing solvents allowing us to overcome the difficulty of dissolving wood in conventional molecular solvents [22]. Benzoylated (performed in [1]) and acetylated wood samples Table 2.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a diagnostic campaign funded by “Regione Lombarida” was realized with the goal to achieve useful information on the conservation conditions and historical data of two canal lock gates [ 1 ]. Those two pairs of lock gates, whose design appears in the Leonardo da Vinci Codex Atlanticus, were used to control the water flow in Milan canal system during the XVI-XVIII centuries and were removed in XX century from San Marco and Cassina di Pomm locks (Milan).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are nowadays property of the Milan city museums and conserved in the Museo Nazionale della Scienza e della Tecnologia “Leonardo da Vinci”. Together with the radiographic analyses and radiocarbon dating, a preliminary chemical characterisation of wood was performed in order to assess conservation strategies for museum exhibition [ 1 ]. Gates were in fact partially waterlogged and subjected to wet/dry cycles producing physical and chemical modifications of wood structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the functionalised woods developed an enhanced solubility in molecular solvents opening access to typical “wet” techniques such as Gel Permeation Chromatographic (GPC), and 2D-HSQC-NMR spectroscopy [ 9 , 12 ]. GPC analyses permit the detection of the whole substrate components, which are cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin (after benzoylation, [ 1 ]) while it is possible to focus on their possible chemical connections (i.e. Lignin Carbohydrates Complexes, LCCs) after acetylation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated biological and chemical characterisation of a pair of leonardesque canal lock gates

et al. 2021

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The Museo Nazionale della Scienza e della Tecnologia “Leonardo da Vinci” in Milan is exposing two pairs of canal lock gates, used to control the water flow in Milan canal system, whose design appears in the Leonardo’s Codex Atlanticus. The wood present in the gates has been deeply characterised by mean of a multidisciplinary investigation involving i) DNA barcoding of wood fragments; ii) microbial community characterisation, and iii) chemical analyses. DNA barcoding revealed that two fragments of the gates belonged to wood species widely used in the middle age: Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies. The chemical characterisations were based on the use of ionic liquid as dissolving medium in order to analyse the entire cell wall material by means of Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and 2D-NMR-HSQC techniques. This multidisciplinary analytical approach was able to highlight the complex nature of the degradation occurred during the gate operation (XVI-XVIII centuries): an intricate interplay between microbial populations (i.e. Shewanella), inorganic factors (i.e. iron from nails), physical factors and the lignocellulosic material.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%