A multifaceted study of place attachment and its influences on civic involvement and place loyalty in Baharestan new town, Iran

City vs. Town residents’ place attachment, perceptions and support for tourism development in a linear World Cultural Heritage Site

“…The study confirmed that the four interrelated factors of PI, PD, PAF and SB were reliable and convergent dimensions of measuring local residents’ attachment to a WHS, and the second-order structure of PA were efficient. The findings are in consistent with former studies on national park settings [ 15 , 55 ] and urban residential settings [ 36 , 53 , 54 ]. Hoang, Brown [ 20 ] used a second-order three-dimensional structure of PA without the SB dimension in a World Cultural Heritage setting, since they considered the social component was more a reflection of residents’ attachment to the community instead of to the heritage site’s physical environment.…”

“…Our results show PAF has the highest predictive power, followed by PD and SB, and PI has the lowest predictive power. This order is different from Ramkissoon, Smith [ 15 ] in the ranking of PI which comes in the second, and different from Hesari, Peysokhan [ 36 ] and Shaykh-Baygloo [ 54 ] in the position of the SB constituent which ranks first and last, respectively.…”

“…Empirical evidences have been found in recreational settings supporting that the provision of social ties by places may lead to higher level of attachment [ 11 , 14 – 16 , 52 ]. SB was also a significant predictor of people’s place attachment empirically in built-environment such as residential communities [ 36 , 53 , 54 ].…”

“…Then he compared it with Kyle’s correlated model with the conclusion that both models provide valid structures for place attachment with identical indices. Although Brocato [ 42 ] retained the four factor correlated model based on his theoretical framework, other researchers prefer to use the second-order model and offered empirical support for it, such as studies on the relationship between people’s place attachment, place satisfaction and their pro-environmental behaviors in a natural park context [ 15 , 52 , 55 ], investigation of the relationship between place attachment, residential satisfaction and community participation in new residential communities [ 36 , 53 ], and research of place attachment’s influence on civic involvements and place loyalty in a new human settlement [ 54 ].…”

Blockchain Technology for Winning Consumer Loyalty: Social Norm Analysis Using Structural Equation Modeling

“…According to Huang and Dyer, the Delphi technique was used online to construct the definitive content of the relationships and elements [88,89]. Regarding item design, the work of Shaykh-Baygloo [90] were taken into account for place attachment. The items related to attitude have been designed considering the studies of Sinclair-Maragh and Hsu et al [91,92].…”