A Multimetric, Map-Aware Routing Protocol for VANETs in Urban Areas

Abstract

In recent years, the general interest in routing for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) has increased notably. Many proposals have been presented to improve the behavior of the routing decisions in these very changeable networks. In this paper, we propose a new routing protocol for VANETs that uses four different metrics. which are the distance to destination, the vehicles' density, the vehicles' trajectory and the available bandwidth, making use of the information retrieved by the sensors of the vehicle, in order to make forwarding decisions, minimizing packet losses and packet delay. Through simulation, we compare our proposal to other protocols, such as AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector), GPSR (Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing), I-GPSR (Improvement GPSR) and to our previous proposal, GBSR-B (Greedy Buffer Stateless Routing Building-aware). Besides, we present a performance evaluation of the individual importance of each metric to make forwarding decisions. Experimental results show that our proposed forwarding decision outperforms existing solutions in terms of packet delivery.

Traffic aware routing in vehicular ad hoc networks: characteristics and challenges

“…Consumes long time. 3. These mechanism are always tested in simulation environment, where a limited number of vehicles are initiating route discovery.…”

“…Exploiting additional network or traffic condition metrics in routing, with the classical distance metric, has shown remarkable performance improvements [3]. Such routing protocols are called traffic aware routing (TAR) protocols as they are aware of traffic and network conditions.…”

“…VANETs facilitate ubiquitous connectivity between vehicles through vehicleto-vehicle (V2V) communications and between vehicles and fixed network infrastructures through vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications. Utilizing VANET technology enables variety of applications for improving passengers safety, alleviating traffic flow, reducing pollution and enabling in-vehicle entertainment for passengers [1][2][3]. In addition, vehicles could use the available network infrastructures in a city to access Internet [4].…”

On the Impact of Building Attenuation Models in VANET Simulations of Urban Scenarios

“…We used the Multi-Metric Map aware (MMMR)routing protocol [11], which is based on Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) [16]. MMMR is a delay-tolerant protocol that improves the next forwarding node decision by employing four metrics; the distance to the destination, the vehicle density, the vehicle trajectory and the available bandwidth.…”

Road-Aware Routing Strategies for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: Characteristics and Comparisons

“…These applications assist drivers to be alert to any critical situation (such as a car accident) and provide precrash sensing, unseen obstacles, and collision warnings for improved passenger safety and the alleviation of traffic flow. Besides safety applications, there are a plethora of comfort applications that provide entertainment to passengers such as Internet access, e-commerce, and weather information [2,3].…”