“…Hence, manufacturers may proactively seek external sources of knowledge in order to engage in the innovation process. The resultant collaboration with external parties can lead to the adoption of an informal inbound open innovation model that is suitable for self‐tuning SMEs and has been investigated in several research studies (Santoro, Bresciani, and Papa, 2018; Scuotto, Caputo, Villasalero, and Del Giudice, 2017a), some of which have analyzed the enhancement of technology patterns by debating the effects produced within open innovation boundaries (Bresciani, Ferraris, and Del Giudice, 2018; Lee, Olson, and Trimi, 2012). Other scholars have underscored the complexity of the challenges faced by SMEs, especially in regards to investments in information and communication technologies (ICT), knowledge exchange (Scuotto, Del Giudice, and Carayannis, 2017b), technological breakthroughs (Del Giudice and Straub, 2011), and the search for innovation ambidexterity (Lin, McDonough, Lin, and Lin, 2013).…”