A multipurpose submersible chemical analyzer for various applications in marine environment

Birot, Dominique; Bris, Nadine Le; Leide, B.; Menut, E.; Rolin, Jean-François; Caprais, Jean‐Claude; Khripounoff, A.; Sarradin, Pierre‐Marie; Blain, Stéphane; Floch, Julien

doi:10.1109/oceans.1998.726390

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Oceanographers and marine ecosystem researchers are interested in examining a number of major variables, these being temperature, density, salinity, light extinction, oxygen, dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen, dissolved organic phosphorus and chlorophyll a (e.g. Birot et al 1998, Longhurst 1998. Topics requiring such data cover a vast scope of areas from analysis of small-scale plankton blooms to global circulation models, including El Niño and global climate change.…”

Section: Quality Of the Environmental Data Collectedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote-sensing systems and seabirds: their use, abuse and potential for measuring marine environmental variables

Wilson¹,

Grémillet²,

Syder³

et al. 2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

170

115

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We examined how seabirds might be used to study marine environmental variables, which necessitates knowing location and the value of the variable to be studied. Five systems can potentially be used for determination of location: VHF (Very High Frequency) telemetry, PTT (Platform Terminal Transmitters) telemetry, GLS (Global Location Service) geolocation methods, dead reckoning and GPS (Global Positioning System), each with its own advantages with respect to accuracy, potential number of fixes and size. Temperature and light were used to illustrate potential difficulties in recording environmental variables. Systems currently used on seabirds for measurement of temperature respond slowly to environmental changes; thus, they may not measure sea surface temperature adequately when contact periods with water bodies are too short. Light can be easily measured for light extinction studies, but sensor orientation plays a large role in determining recorded values. Both problems can be corrected. The foraging behaviour of seabirds was also examined in order to identify those features which would be useful for determination of marine environmental variables at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Area coverage by birds is highly dependent on breeding phase and tends to be concentrated in areas where prey acquisition is particularly enhanced. The identification of these sites may be of particular interest to marine biologists. 'Plungers' and 'divers' are potentially most useful for assessment of variables deeper within the water column, with some divers spending up to 90% of their time sub-surface. Few seabirds exploit the water column deeper than 20 m, although some divers regularly exceed 50 m (primarily penguins and auks), while 2 species dive in excess of 300 m. The wide-ranging behaviour of seabirds coupled, in many instances, with their substantial body size makes them potentially excellent carriers of sophisticated environmental measuring technology; however, the ethical question of how much the well-being of birds can, and should, be compromised by such an approach needs to be carefully considered.

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Section: Quality Of the Environmental Data Collectedmentioning

confidence: 99%