A narrative review on the management of Acute Heart Failure in Emergency Medicine Department

Abstract

One of the main symptoms that would be presented to the emergency department (ED) from patients, is acute heart failure (AHF) with possibility of causing considerable mortality and morbidity. In such a situation, it is too important to plan some special precision medicines for treatments of that type of heart failure and also achieving the most suitable outcomes. The main objective of this review is to provide a documented summary of the contemporary management procedure of emergency medicine department of acute heart failure. Heart failure could be presented with a broad range of symptoms particularly a sudden worsening of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) symptoms. The procedure of treatment mainly should focus on the process of acute and chronic underlying disorders with instructions focusing mainly on haemodynamics and blood pressure status. The procedure of treatment of patients who suffer from worsening symptoms of AHF mainly focuses on intravenous diuretic water pills. On the other hand, patients who suffer from AHF with rapid onset pulmonary edema of flash pulmonary should receive noninvasive and nitroglycerin ventilation of positive airway pressure with regard to an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor during the time that hypotension is monitored. In emergency situations, patients who suffer from AHF with low blood pressure must receive emergency consultation and specially a primary fluid bolus therapy (range 250–500 mL) followed by inotropic therapy initiation with or without antihypotensive agent. In some situations, for treatment of severe heart failure and cardiogenic shock additionally in patients who recommended to receive noradrenalin when blood pressure support is required, direct-acting inotropic agent of dobutamine as an alternative agent could be applied effectively. On the other hand, in situations when non-invasive positive pressure ventilation is needed, suppliers must track intimately for any possibility of sudden worsening acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). The disorder when the cardiac output is higher than normal could be treated with vasopressors remedies. As a consequent, the sudden symptoms of AHF should be quickly evaluated and managed correctly