A natural additive in the diet to improve growth and reduce energy expenditure of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.): Attenuation of high stocking density stress responses

Jerez-Cepa, Ismael; Marín-Rincón, Adrián; Martı́nez-Rodrı́guez, Gonzalo; Ruíz-Jarabo, Ignacio; Mancera, Juan Miguel

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735263

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The inclusion of active substances in aquafeed is effectively applied in aquaculture to enhance aquatic animals’ performances and well-being [ 8 , 47 ]. Prebiotic-related additives resulted in positive effects on the productivity of finfish species, making them friendly alternatives for chemical drugs [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mannan Oligosaccharide Enhanced the Growth Rate, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Carcass Composition, and Blood Chemistry of Thinlip Grey Mullet (Liza ramada)

Magouz

Bassuini

Khalafalla

et al. 2021

Animals

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Mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) is prebiotic with high functionality in aquaculture. The current study investigated the potential roles of MOS on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, carcass composition, and blood chemistry of Thinlip grey mullet (Liza ramada). Four tested diets with 34.49% crude protein and 6.29% of total lipids were prepared and fortified with 0, 0.5, 1, and 2% MOS. Fish of initial weight = 5.14 ± 0.11 g/fish were distributed in 12 hapas (0.5 × 0.5 × 1 m) at 15 fish per hapa (triplicates) and fed the test diets to the satiation level two times a day (08:00 and 15:00) for eight weeks. At the end of the trial, all fish were weighed individually for growth performance calculation. Blood was collected to check blood chemistry traits, and intestines were dissected for digestive enzyme analysis. Fish treated with MOS had marked enhancement in the final body weight, feed conversion ratio, protein gain, and protein retention regardless of inclusion dose (p < 0.05). The weight gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio were meaningfully enhanced by including MOS at 0.5 and 1%, followed by fish fed with 2% MOS, while the lowest values were in the control group (p < 0.05). Insignificant influences of MOS were seen on the chemical composition of carcass components (moisture, crude protein, total lipids, and ash) (p > 0.05). Fish treated with MOS at 0.5 and 1% had marked enhancement in the amylase, lipase, and protease activities regardless of inclusion dose (p < 0.05). The blood total protein and albumin levels were meaningfully enhanced by including MOS at 0.5 and 1%, followed by fish fed with 2% MOS, while the lowest values were in the control group (p < 0.05). The blood globulin was significantly enhanced in fish fed 1% MOS than fish treated with 0, 0.5, and 2% of MOS (p < 0.05). The blood lysozyme activity was meaningfully enhanced by including MOS at 1%, followed by fish treated with 0.5 and 2%, while the lowest values were in the control group (p < 0.05). Phagocytic activity and phagocytic index were markedly improved in fish treated with 1 and 2% MOS, followed by those fed 0.5% compared with fish fed MOS-free diet (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were markedly improved in fish treated with 1, and 2% MOS, followed by those fed 0.5% compared with fish fed MOS-free diet (p < 0.05). Dietary MOS (0.5, 1, and 2%) meaningfully enhanced catalase activity while decreased the malondialdehyde concentration (p < 0.05). In summary, dietary MOS is required at 0.5–1% for enhancing the growth rate, feed efficiency, digestive enzyme activity, blood chemistry, and antioxidative capacity of grey mullet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mannan Oligosaccharide Enhanced the Growth Rate, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Carcass Composition, and Blood Chemistry of Thinlip Grey Mullet (Liza ramada)

Magouz

Bassuini

Khalafalla

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…The assessment of intermediary metabolism is also an important tool to assess welfare in teleost aquaculture. Carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid management is directly related to both acute and long-term stress situations [ 116 , 117 ]. Therefore, transport processes boost glycogen consumption, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis pathways in the liver of S. aurata [ 116 ].…”

Section: Taxonomic Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An inadequate stocking density is probably the most common long-term stress situation in teleost aquaculture. Both low [ 120 ] and high stocking densities [ 117 ] can induce tertiary stress responses that reduce growth. This effect is directly related to the allocation of energy and the consequent consumption of stored metabolites in muscle.…”

Section: Taxonomic Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This effect is directly related to the allocation of energy and the consequent consumption of stored metabolites in muscle. This reduction of welfare conditions is reflected by the inhibition of the GH/IGF system [ 121 ], and by an enhanced catabolism of lipids and amino acids [ 117 ]. Stocking density can also modulate other cellular and immune responses [ 122 , 123 ].…”

Section: Taxonomic Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of fisheries and aquaculture, consumers are demanding more (environmentally) sustainable and fair-trade products, which also includes animal care. There are interesting alternatives to improve/mitigate physiological stress responses in aquaculture, such as the use of natural antioxidants [ 142 ], and other dietary additives [ 117 , 143 ]. Similarly, the use of essential oils from plants with sedative properties seems to attenuate the physiological responses inherent to fish handling and cultivation [ 144 ].…”

Section: Future Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiology: An Important Tool to Assess the Welfare of Aquatic Animals

Jerez-Cepa

Ruíz-Jarabo

2021

Biology

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The assessment of welfare in aquatic animals is currently under debate, especially concerning those kept by humans. The classic concept of animal welfare includes three elements: The emotional state of the organism (including the absence of negative experiences), the possibility of expressing normal behaviors, and the proper functioning of the organism. While methods for evaluating their emotions (such as fear, pain, and anguish) are currently being developed for aquatic species and understanding the natural behavior of all aquatic taxa that interact with humans is a task that requires more time, the evaluation of internal responses in the organisms can be carried out using analytical tools. This review aims to show the potential of the physiology of crustaceans, cephalopods, elasmobranchs, teleosts, and dipnoans to serve as indicators of their wellbeing. Since the classical methods of assessing welfare are laborious and time-consuming by evaluation of fear, pain, and anguish, the assessment may be complemented by physiological approaches. This involves the study of stress responses, including the release of hormones and their effects. Therefore, physiology may be of help in improving animal welfare.

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Stunning methods before slaughter induce oxidation changes of large yellow croaker during cold storage: the role of mitochondria and underlying mechanisms

et al. 2023

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BACKGROUNDThe improper stunning methods before slaughter could cause the fish to deteriorate more quickly during cold storage. However, it is unclear that how stunning methods affect the mitochondria structure and the role of mitochondria in the oxidation in muscle‐based food.RESULTSThis study was to explore the potential mechanism of oxidation induced by different stunning methods (hit on the head, T1; gill cut, T2; immersion in ice/water slurry, T3; CO2 asphyxiated, T4; 40% CO2+30% N2+30% O2, T5) in large yellow croaker during cold storage. The results showed that T4 samples had the minimum stress response and the mitochondrial membrane potential and permeability were less damaged. Besides, the mitochondrial functional structure and peroxisome of T4 samples were less damaged compared with other samples, which was reflected in higher total superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. In terms of oxidation indices, the T4 samples showed higher pH values and iron myoglobin (MMb) contents, lower total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) after 168 h cold storage, indicating that the T4 samples significantly maintained the oxidative stability of the large yellow croaker.CONCLUSIONThe CO2 asphyxiation had the least oxidative damage to large yellow croaker during cold storage, possibly because it had the least effect on mitochondrial structure, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and antioxidant enzyme activity.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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A natural additive in the diet to improve growth and reduce energy expenditure of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.): Attenuation of high stocking density stress responses

Cited by 20 publications

References 54 publications

Mannan Oligosaccharide Enhanced the Growth Rate, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Carcass Composition, and Blood Chemistry of Thinlip Grey Mullet (Liza ramada)

Mannan Oligosaccharide Enhanced the Growth Rate, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Carcass Composition, and Blood Chemistry of Thinlip Grey Mullet (Liza ramada)

Physiology: An Important Tool to Assess the Welfare of Aquatic Animals

Stunning methods before slaughter induce oxidation changes of large yellow croaker during cold storage: the role of mitochondria and underlying mechanisms

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