A nearly complete respiratory, circulatory, and excretory system preserved in small Late Cretaceous octopods (Cephalopoda) from Lebanon

Fuchs, Dirk; Wilby, Philipp R.; Boletzky, Sigurd von; Abi-Saad, Pierre; Keupp, Heiner; Iba, Yasuhiro

doi:10.1007/s12542-015-0256-6

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The most exceptional coleoid fossils with preserved soft tissues are found in the Late Cretaceous (late Cenomanian) Lagerstätten of Hâkel and Hâdjoula, where examples of eight‐armed Vampyropoda (Fuchs ; Fuchs & Weis ; Fuchs et al . , ; Fuchs & Larson , b), such as Keuppia , Styleoctopus and Palaeoctopus , are discovered relatively frequently with phosphatized soft tissues including arm crowns, limbs, suckers, ink sacs, gills, eye capsules and respiratory, excretory and circulatory systems (Fuchs et al . ).…”

Section: Exceptional Preservation Of Coleoid Cephalopodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, ; Fuchs & Larson , b), such as Keuppia , Styleoctopus and Palaeoctopus , are discovered relatively frequently with phosphatized soft tissues including arm crowns, limbs, suckers, ink sacs, gills, eye capsules and respiratory, excretory and circulatory systems (Fuchs et al . ). Despite palaeoenvironmental conditions suitable for the preservation of coleoid labile tissues, there is no evidence of teuthids (Fuchs ).…”

Section: Exceptional Preservation Of Coleoid Cephalopodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Buoyancy mechanisms limit preservation of coleoid cephalopod soft tissues in Mesozoic Lagerstätten

Clements¹,

Colleary²,

Baets³

et al. 2016

Palaeontology

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Coleoid cephalopods are characterized by internalization of their shell, and are divided into the ten-armed Decabrachia (squids and cuttlefish) and the eight-armed Vampyropoda (octopuses and vampire squid). They have a rich fossil record predominantly of the limited biomineralized skeletal elements they possess: arm hooks, statoliths, mouthparts (the buccal mass) and internal shell (gladius or pen), although exquisitely preserved soft tissue coleoids are known from several Lagerst€ atten worldwide. Recent studies have shown that although morphological similarities between extant decabrachian gladii and fossil examples exist, no known examples of fossil decabrachians are currently known. However, molecular clock data and phylogenetic bracketing suggest that they should be present in Lagerst€ atten that are rich in vampyropod soft tissue fossils (i.e. Hâkel and Hâdjoula Lagerst€ atten, Cretaceous, Lebanon). We propose that a hitherto unknown taphonomic bias pertaining to the differing methods of buoyancy control within coleoid groups limits preservation potential. Both negatively and neutrally buoyant decabrachians use chemical buoyancy control (ammonia) whereas vampyropods do not. In the event of rapid burial in an environment conducive to exceptional preservation, ammonia dramatically decreases the ability of the decabrachian carcass to generate the required pH for authigenic calcium phosphate replacement, limiting its preservation potential. Moreover, the greater surface area and comparatively fragile dermis further decrease the potential for fossilization. This taphonomic bias may have contributed to the lack of preserved labile soft-tissues in other cephalopods groups such as the ammonoids.

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Section: Exceptional Preservation Of Coleoid Cephalopodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exceptional Preservation Of Coleoid Cephalopodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buoyancy mechanisms limit preservation of coleoid cephalopod soft tissues in Mesozoic Lagerstätten

Clements¹,

Colleary²,

Baets³

et al. 2016

Palaeontology

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“…; Fuchs et al . ). Further advances are expected with the development of X‐ray tomography, which allows the internal investigation of fossils and reveals soft tissues.…”

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confidence: 97%

Proteroctopus ribeti in coleoid evolution

et al. 2016

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Palaeontological data are key elements for inferring ancestral character states and the assembly of character complexes, but cephalopod fossils preserving soft tissues are very rare. The exceptionally well‐preserved, unique specimen of Jurassic Proteroctopus ribeti Fischer & Riou from the Lagerstätte of La‐Voulte‐sur‐Rhône (c. 165 Ma, France) is one of the few fossil octopod related taxa, but is rarely considered in evolutionary studies. In this paper, we used synchrotron microtomography to reappraise its external characters and for the first time, to reveal its internal structures. A unique character association is found with two fins, head fused to the body, eight well‐developed arms with cirri and two rows of oblique suckers, a gladius and absence of an ink sac. The phylogenetic analysis indicates that Proteroctopus is a basal member of the Vampyropoda. However, this result should be interpreted with caution due to the number of unknown character states in the matrix. Contrary to previous assumptions, the phylogenetic position of Proteroctopus, as well as its stratigraphic occurrence, suggest that the arrangement of biserial suckers may be the ancestral condition in Vampyropoda.

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“…This diagenetic pathway seems to be similar to that leading to the fossilized vascular systems in juvenile octopods of the Cenomanian plattenkalks of Lebanon (Fuchs et al . ). It remains uncertain whether the phosphate is primary, as seen in radulae of other molluscs (Cruz et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Key innovations in Mesozoic ammonoids: the multicuspidate radula and the calcified aptychus

Keupp¹,

Hoffmann

Stevens

et al. 2016

Palaeontology

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A nearly complete radula with seven elements per row preserved inside of an isolated, bivalved, calcitic lower jaw (= aptychus) of the Late Jurassic ammonite Aspidoceras is described from the Fossillagerst€ atte Painten (Bavaria, southern Germany). It is the largest known ammonite radula and the first record for the Perisphinctoidea. The multicuspidate tooth elements (ctenodont type of radula) present short cusps. Owing to significant morphological differences between known aptychophoran ammonoid radulae, their possible function is discussed, partly in comparison with modern cephalopod and gastropod radulae. Analogies between the evolution of the pharyngeal jaws of cichlid fishes and the ammonoid buccal apparatus raise the possibility that the evolution of a multicuspidate radula allowed for a functional decoupling of the aptychophoran ammonoid jaw. The radula, therefore, represents a key innovation which allowed for the evolution of the calcified lower jaws in Jurassic and Cretaceous aptychophoran ammonites. Possible triggers for this morphological change during the early Toarcian are discussed. Finally, we hypothesize potential adaptations of ammonoids to different feeding niches based on radular tooth morphologies.

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A nearly complete respiratory, circulatory, and excretory system preserved in small Late Cretaceous octopods (Cephalopoda) from Lebanon

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Buoyancy mechanisms limit preservation of coleoid cephalopod soft tissues in Mesozoic Lagerstätten

Buoyancy mechanisms limit preservation of coleoid cephalopod soft tissues in Mesozoic Lagerstätten

Proteroctopus ribeti in coleoid evolution

Key innovations in Mesozoic ammonoids: the multicuspidate radula and the calcified aptychus

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