A Neuron-Silicon Junction: A Retzius Cell of the Leech on an Insulated-Gate Field-Effect Transistor

Fromherz, Peter; Offenhäusser, Andreas; Vetter, Thomas W.; Weis, J.

doi:10.1126/science.1925540

Cited by 543 publications

(382 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Extracellular recording by single field effect transistors (FETs) 159 as well as arrays of FETs 160 has been shown. In this configuration, neurons "sit" on the non-metallized gate of the FET, affecting the sourcedrain current by capacitive coupling when the neuron undergoes a membrane voltage change.…”

Section: Extracellular Electrode Arrays For Multisite Recording and Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology on a Chip: Microfabrication for Studying the Behavior of Cultured Cells

Tourovskaia

Folch

2003

Crit Rev Biomed Eng

173

140

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The ability to culture cells in vitro has revolutionized hypothesis testing in basic cell and molecular biology research and has become a standard methodology in drug screening and toxicology assays. However, the traditional cell culture methodology-consisting essentially of the immersion of a large population of cells in a homogeneous fluid medium-has become increasingly limiting, both from a fundamental point of view (cells in vivo are surrounded by complex spatiotemporal microenvironments) and from a practical perspective (scaling up the number of fluid handling steps and cell manipulations for high-throughput studies in vitro is prohibitively expensive). Micro fabrication technologies have enabled researchers to design, with micrometer control, the biochemical composition and topology of the substrate, the medium composition, as well as the type of neighboring cells surrounding the microenvironment of the cell. In addition, microtechnology is conceptually well suited for the development of fast, low-cost in vitro systems that allow for high-throughput culturing and analysis of cells under large numbers of conditions. Here we review a variety of applications of microfabrication in cell culture studies, with an emphasis on the biology of various cell types.

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Section: Extracellular Electrode Arrays For Multisite Recording and Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology on a Chip: Microfabrication for Studying the Behavior of Cultured Cells

Tourovskaia

Folch

2003

Crit Rev Biomed Eng

173

140

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“…While we can all agree that our smart phones, laptops and desktop computers are carrying out computations for us, there are more exotic examples where the presence of an actual computation is less clear cut. Consider, for example, leech neurons on a silicon substrate [3]: Is it computing? What is computing?…”

Section: Definition Of Physical Computingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterotic computing: past, present and future

Kendon

Sebald

Stepney

2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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We introduce and define 'heterotic computing' as a combination of two or more computational systems such that they provide an advantage over either substrate used separately. This first requires a definition of physical computation. We take the framework in Horsman et al. (Horsman et al. 2014 Proc. R. Soc. A 470, 20140182. (doi:10.1098/rspa.2014.0182)), now known as abstract-representation theory, then outline how to compose such computational systems. We use examples to illustrate the ubiquity of heterotic computing, and to discuss the issues raised when one or more of the substrates is not a conventional siliconbased computer. We briefly outline the requirements for a proper theoretical treatment of heterotic computational systems, and the advantages such a theory would provide.

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“…However, the diameter of the electrodes is usually around 50 µm and their spacing around 100 µm. The problem of sensor size and spacing was partially overcome with electrolyte-oxidesemiconductor field-effect transistors (EOSFETs) on silicon chips [8][9][10][11][12]. Another advantage of these devices was their chemically homogeneous surface that consisted of SiO 2 silica, and later of TiO 2 , a most stable and biocompatible material [13,14].…”

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confidence: 99%

Identifying firing mammalian neurons in networks with high-resolution multi-transistor array (MTA)

et al. 2010

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The electrical activity of a network of mammalian neurons is mapped with a Multi-Transistor Array (MTA) fabricated with extended CMOS technology. The spatial resolution is 7.4 µm on an area of 1 mm 2 at a sampling frequency of 6 kHz for a complete readout of 16,384 sensor transistors. Action potentials give rise to extracellular voltages with amplitudes in a range of 500 µV. On the basis of the high resolution in space and time, correlation algorithms are used to identify single action potentials with amplitudes as low as about 200µV, and to assign the signals to the activity of individual neurons even in a dense network.

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A Neuron-Silicon Junction: A Retzius Cell of the Leech on an Insulated-Gate Field-Effect Transistor

Cited by 543 publications

References 12 publications

Biology on a Chip: Microfabrication for Studying the Behavior of Cultured Cells

Biology on a Chip: Microfabrication for Studying the Behavior of Cultured Cells

Heterotic computing: past, present and future

Identifying firing mammalian neurons in networks with high-resolution multi-transistor array (MTA)

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