A New Amphibian Cestode

Abstract

•Few cestodes have ever been described from amphibian hosts. Nematotaenia dispar (Goeze 1782) has been reported from Europe by Schmidt (1885), and by Fuhrmann (1895) ; and from America by Stiles and Hassall (1912; 277). Taenia pulchella Leidy 1851 was reported from America in Bufo americanus, at the time of its original description. Jewell (1916) described Cylindrotaenia mnericana from America in Acris gryllis, Rana pipiens, Rana virescens, and Bufo lentiginosus. These three species, together with two Proteocephalids, Ophiotaenia Jiylae from Australia, and O. schultsei from Africa (Johnston, 1912), constitute the species so far described from frogs and toads. Johnston (1916:194) reports the presence of a new species of Nematotaenia in Australia, which has not yet been described. Larval stages of Sparganum have been known to occur in European frogs, but nothing is known of the larval stages of any of the adult cestodes thus far reported in Anurans.Jewell (1916) has pointed out the discrepancies of Schmidt's description of Nematotaenia dispar (Schmidt 1855) as compared with the recognized, original form first described by Goeze (1782), and later by Fuhrmann (1895). It is probable that Schmidt's material was not Nematotaenia dispar, since he describes the worm as having a neck, with the greatest diameter at the posterior end, and an oval cirrus sac about twice as long as it is broad. Fuhrmann's description includes a worrh devoid of a neck, the greatest diameter of the strobila being at the anterior end, with the cirrus sac about ten times as long as broad.Liihe ( 1899 : 526) proposed the genus Nematotaenia, to contain Taenia dispar Goeze. His first characterization of the new genus, however, appears in ^ later paper (Liihe 1910), as follows: "Taenien mit unbewaffnetem Scolex, ohne Rostellem, mit drehrundem Korper, der in seinem vorderen Abschnitt etwas dicker ist und nach hinten allmahlich diinner und schliesslich fadenformig wird. Gliederung nur am Hinterende ausgesprochen, wo sich die reifen Proglottiden, die we.sentlich langer als breit sind, einzeln ablosen, um dann lebhaft beweglich noch langere Zeit weiterzuleben. Gesclechtsoffnungen randstandig, unregelmassig abwechselnd. Hoden in der Zweizahl, dorsal und annahernd symmetrisch. Dotterstock fast genau in der Achse * Contributions from the Zoological Laboratory of the University of Illinois No. 177.

A taxonomic revision of the Nematotaeniidae L�he, 1910 (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea)

“…The other species to be suppressed is Distoichometra kozloffi. This species resembled D. bufonis closely, but differed in sizes, and because it possessed only six paruterine capsules per segment (Douglas, 1958), whereas D. bufonis had 8-12 (Dickey, 1921). Possession of six capsules in a segment was not common: it was noted, however, in specimens collected from Scaphiopus multiplicatus Aneides lugubris, Bufo woodhousii and B. compactilis.…”

“…The genus Distoichometra was proposed by Dickey (1921) for a new species, D. bufonis, from Bufo terrestris in the USA. D. bufonis differs markedly from the two other then known species, Nematotaenia dispar and Cylindrotaenia americana, in the arrangement and numbers of paruterine capsules.…”

“…Galkin (1986) proposed two subfamilies of the family Nematotaeniidae, namely, the Nematotaeniinae Ltihe, 1910, containing the genera Nematotaenia, Baerietta, Cylindrotaenia and Distoichometra, and the Nematotaenoidinae Galkin, 1986, containing as its sole member Nematotaenoides ranae. Jones (1987) argued that N. ranae is actually a member of the paruterinine genus Anonchotaenia Cohn, 1900, and proposed that N. ranae be removed from the Nematotaeniidae and that Nematotaenoides Ulmer & James, 1976 be suppressed. Prior to Schmidt (1986), the Nematotaeniidae consisted of 29 species distributed within five genera, namely Baerietta Hsii, 1935 (13 species and one nomen nudum ), Cylindrotaenia, Jewel11916 (4 species), Distoichometra Dickey, 1921 (2 species), Nematotaenia Liihe, 1899 (8 species) and Nematotaenoides Ulmer & James, 1976 (1 species). Schmidt (1986) apparently considered that the paruterinine Hexaparuterina mexicana Macios Palacios & Flores Barroetta, 1967 should also be included with the nematotaeniids, although Spasskii (1977) had earlier proposed that Hexaparuterina be synonymized with Metroliasthes Ransom, 1900 (Paruterininae).…”

Adult Tapeworm (Platyhelminthes: Cestoda) Parasites of North American Herpetofauna: Checklist of Species and Identification Key to Families and Genera

“…Bufonidae: Anaxyrus americanus from Georgia ( Dickey, 1921 ) and from an unspecified locality ( Jones, 1987a ); Anaxyrus boreas from the United States ( Jones, 1987a ); Anaxyrus cognatus from Arizona ( Goldberg and Bursey, 1991c ) and New Mexico ( Goldberg et al, 1995c ); Anaxyrus canorus from California ( Jones, 1987a ); Anaxyrus compactilis from Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico ( Jones, 1987a ; Walton, 1940 , 1964 ; in the last 2, parasite as Cylindrotaenia americana ); Anaxyrus debilis from New Mexico ( Goldberg et al, 1995c ); Anaxyrus fowleri from Virginia ( Campbell, 1967 , 1968 ); Anaxyrus microscaphus from Arizona ( Goldberg et al, 1996c ); Anaxyrus punctatus from Arizona ( Goldberg and Bursey, 1991b ); Anaxyrus retiformis from Arizona ( Goldberg et al, 1996e ); Anaxyrus terrestris from Georgia and Washington ( Jones, 1987a ); Anaxyrus woodhousii from Arizona ( Goldberg et al, 1996c ), Nebraska ( Jones, 1987a ), and Texas ( McAllister et al, 1989 ); Anaxyrus hybrid ( microscaphus × woodhousii ) from Arizona ( Goldberg et al, 1996c ); Incilius nebulifer from Nuevo Leon, Mexico ( Martínez-Villarreal, 1969 ); Rhinella horribilis from Nuevo Leon, Mexico ( Martínez-Villarreal, 1969 ; León-Règagnon et al, 2005 ).…”