A new approach for simultaneous screening and quantification of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in some potential pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants by using ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry

Zhou, Yan; Li, Na; Choi, Franky Fung Kei; Qiao, Chun Feng; Song, Jing; Li, Song Lin; Liu, Xin; Cai, Zongwei; Fu, Peter P.; Lin, Ge; Hong, Xu

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2010.09.011

Cited by 59 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It is particularly appropriate because of the polarity of the PAs and especially the PANOs . The commonly used atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (APCI) technique showed good stability for PA-analysis but tends to have lower sensitivity for polar PANOs (Beales et al, 2004 (Xiong et al, 2009b;Zhou et al, 2010;Kempf et al, 2011b;Dübecke et al, 2011;Hoogenboom et al, 2011). Furthermore, UHPLC was successfully applied to increase chromatographic resolving power and sensitivity, and at the same time decreasing the analytical runtime (Xiong et al, 2009a;Zhou et al, 2010;Hoogenboom et al, 2011).…”

Section: Liquid Chromatography (Lc) and Liquid Chromatography-(tandemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several SPE materials like Ergosil, C18-material and strong cation exchange (SCX) have been successfully applied . At present, the latter one (SCX) has become a frequently used tool especially in trace analysis of PAs in complex matrices such as honey (Mattocks, 1961;Betteridge, et al, 2005;Kempf et al, 2008, Zhou et al, 2010, Dübecke et al, 2011. A benefit of SCX-SPE is that simultaneously both PAs and PANOs can be trapped and specifically eluted.…”

Section: Solid Phase Extraction (Spe)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food and feed

2011

EFS2

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The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was asked by the European Commission to deliver a scientific opinion on pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) in food and feed. PAs are toxins exclusively biosynthesised by plants. To date, approximately 600 different PAs are known. Results for 13,280 bulk honey and 1324 retail honey samples were provided to EFSA by one Member State and 351 feed samples were provided by a second Member State. The EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) performed estimates of both acute and chronic exposure to PAs through honey for three different age groups. Although there might be other sources of PA exposure, due to lack of data the CONTAM Panel was not able to quantify dietary exposure from food other than honey. A number of PAs were identified as being of particular importance for food and feed. Based on the present knowledge of metabolism, activation, DNA adduct-formation, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity, the CONTAM Panel concluded that 1,2-unsaturated PAs may act as genotoxic carcinogens in humans. Therefore, the CONTAM Panel decided to apply the Margin of Exposure (MOE) approach. A benchmark dose lower confidence limit for a 10 % excess cancer risk (BMDL 10 ) of 70 µg/kg b.w. per day for induction of liver haemangiosarcomas by lasiocarpine in male rats was calculated as the reference point for comparison with the estimated dietary exposure. The CONTAM Panel concluded that there is a possible health concern for those toddlers and children who are high consumers of honey. There is generally a low risk of PA poisoning in livestock and companion animals in the EU as most PA poisonings reported recently are due to accidental exposure. © European Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food and feedEFSA Journal 2011;9(11):2406 2 SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the risks to human and animal health related to the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) in food and feed. PAs are toxins exclusively biosynthesised by plants. They are typical plant secondary metabolites against herbivores. It has been estimated that approximately 6000 plant species world wide, representing 3 % of all flowering plants, may contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids. PAs are mainly found in the distantly related angiosperm families of the Boraginaceae (all genera), Asteraceae (tribes Senecioneae and Eupatorieae) and Fabaceae (genus Crotalaria). The PA-content of plant material depends on a large number of factors (species, plant organ, harvest, storage, extraction procedures). Reported contents vary from trace amounts up to 19 % based on dry weight. The name pyrrolizidine is the chemical description of two-fused 5-membered rings with a nitrogen atom at the bridgehead. This motif is the central structure of a variety of PAs. PAs generally consist of an amino alcohol which is referred to as necine or necine base and an acid part which is called a necic acid. Most of the known PAs are este...

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Section: Liquid Chromatography (Lc) and Liquid Chromatography-(tandemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solid Phase Extraction (Spe)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food and feed

2011

EFS2

226

130

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“…Compounds for which no analytical standard was available, but which showed typical PA mass fragmentations, were classified by their necine groups according to their molecular mass and fragmentation behavior according to literature (Li et al, 2008;These et al, 2013;Xiong et al, 2009;Zhou et al, 2010 Fig. S2).…”

Section: Identification Of Pasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in native and invasive Senecio pterophorus (Asteraceae): Implications for toxicity

2014

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“…The recovery of the method was in the range of 94.3-104.8% with RSD less than 4.0%. In another work, Zhou et al established a method for simultaneous screening, identification and quantification of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids including monocrotaline, senkirkine, riddelliine, retrorsine, seneciphylline, clivorine and senecionine in 22 samples of seven Parasenecio species and four Senecio species using precursor ion scan (PIS) mode coupled with MRM in the same UHPLC run [176]. The developed PIS approach could detect two pairs of characteristic product ions at m/z 120/138 or 168/150, allowing specific identification of toxic retronecine and otonecine type pyrrolizidine alkaloids with higher sensitivity than before.…”

Section: Alkaloidsmentioning

confidence: 99%