A New Approach for the Diagnosis of Systemic and Oral Diseases Based on Salivary Biomolecules

Roi, Alexandra; Rusu, Laura-Cristina; Roi, Ciprian Ioan; Luca, Ruxandra Elena; Boia, Simina; Munteanu, Roxana I.

doi:10.1155/2019/8761860

Cited by 74 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…α‐Synuclein comprises the main protein component of hallmark Lewy bodies and is measurable in blood, CSF, and saliva . Saliva has advantages over other biofluids and imaging techniques because its acquisition is noninvasive, inexpensive, and requires minimal personnel training . Most groups report reduced salivary total α‐synuclein levels and higher oligomeric α‐synuclein levels in PD patients when compared with controls in addition to higher oligomeric to total α‐synuclein ratios …”

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confidence: 99%

“…[7][8][9] Saliva has advantages over other biofluids and imaging techniques because its acquisition is noninvasive, inexpensive, and requires minimal personnel training. 10,11 Most groups report reduced salivary total α-synuclein levels and higher oligomeric α-synuclein levels in PD patients when compared with controls in addition to higher oligomeric to total α-synuclein ratios. [12][13][14][15][16] In 2018, we reported increased concentrations of salivary heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in early-stage PD patients when compared with non-neurological controls.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Salivary microR‐153 and microR‐223 Levels as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers of Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease

et al. 2019

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Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common movement disorder among adults, affecting 2% of the world population older than 65 years of age. No diagnostic biomarker for routine use in clinical settings currently exists. Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been implicated in various neurodegenerative conditions, including PD. Distinct miRNAs have been demonstrated to be involved in the regulation of α‐synuclein, a key player in PD pathogenesis; miR‐153 and miR‐223 are downregulated in the brain and serum of parkinsonian GFAP.HMOX1 transgenic mice where they directly regulate α‐synuclein. Objective To ascertain whether salivary miR‐153 and miR‐223 are similarly downmodulated in, and may serve as diagnostic biomarkers of, idiopathic PD. Methods Using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction, miR‐153 and miR‐223 levels were evaluated in the saliva of 77 non‐neurological controls and 83 PD patients. Levels of heme oxygenase‐1 and α‐synuclein were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Analyses were adjusted by age, sex, medication exposure, disease duration, and relevant comorbidities. Results Log‐transformed expression levels of miR‐153 and miR‐223 were significantly decreased in the saliva of human PD patients in comparison with nonneurological controls. The miRNA expression levels did not change as a function of disease progression (Hoehn and Yahr staging). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve separating controls from PD patients was 79% (95% confidence interval, 61%–96%) for miR‐153 and 77% (95% confidence interval, 59%–95%) for miR‐223. The ratios of miRNAs to oligomeric α‐synuclein, total α‐synuclein, or heme oxygenase‐1 protein did not improve accuracy of the test. Conclusion Salivary miR‐153 and miR‐223 levels may serve as useful, noninvasive, and relatively inexpensive diagnostic biomarkers of idiopathic PD. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Salivary microR‐153 and microR‐223 Levels as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers of Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease

et al. 2019

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“…23,25 Second, research on established, disease-specific salivary biomarkers is limited. 25 However, contributions from genomic technologies for saliva sampling are evolving, 26,100 with increasing research conducted on disease-specific biomarkers. 23,25 This review focused on biomarker-specific research, with varying results on the clinical utility of saliva for each biomarker reviewed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>The Clinical Utility of Salivary Biomarkers in the Identification of Type 2 Diabetes Risk and Metabolic Syndrome</p>

Desai

Donovan

Janowitz

et al. 2020

DMSO

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Type 2 diabetes is traditionally diagnosed by the use of an oral glucose tolerance test and/or HbA1c, both of which require serum collection. Various biomarkers, which are measurable biological substances that provide clinical insight on disease state, have also been effective in the early identification and risk prediction of inflammatory diseases. Measuring biomarker concentrations has traditionally been obtained through serum collection as well. However, numerous biomarkers are detectable in saliva. Salivary analysis has more recently been introduced into research as a potential non-invasive, cost-effective diagnostic for the early identification of type 2 diabetes risk in adults and youth. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to compare 6 established inflammatory biomarkers of type 2 diabetes, in serum and saliva, and determine if similar diagnostic effectiveness is seen in saliva. A lack of standardized salivary analysis, processing, and collection accounts for errors and inconsistencies in conclusive data amongst studies. Proposing a national standardization in salivary analysis, coupled with increased data and research on the utility of saliva as a diagnostic, poses the potential for salivary analysis to be used in diagnostic settings.

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“…Finally, cytokines in saliva may also be of a nonglandular origin. The saliva samples used in our study should be treated as a mixture of the salivary glands and other fluids that originate from the oropharyngeal mucosa, oral mucosal transudate, fungi, bacteria, viruses, and gastrointestinal reflux liquid [ 37 ]. Taken together, these local changes and conditions in the oral cavity environment can be reflected by the changes in salivary cytokines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to this study, Gomez-Fernandez et al reported no differences in IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and RANTES plasma levels between ASD children with neurodevelopmental regression and without neurodevelopmental regression [ 20 ]. Previous studies reported a close relationship between cytokine imbalance and changes in cytokine levels and several processes regulating brain development, including neurogenesis, synapse formation, and plasticity, from early prenatal CNS development to postnatal development and adulthood [ 37 ]. Divergent results may originate from the different time of neurodevelopment and the different period of cytokine influence on the brain development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Cytokine Profile as a Possible Predictor of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Samborska-Mazur

Kostiukow

Miechowicz

et al. 2020

JCM

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by neurodevelopmental disorders and alterations in immune function and cytokine levels. The aim of this study is to determine the salivary levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), Regulated on Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES), and Eotaxin in children with ASD and in healthy controlsto assess their predictive potential. We explored correlations between the cytokine levels and the neurodevelopmental disorders related to ASD. The study comprised 19 children with ASD and 19 typically developing (TD) ones. We analyzed salivary levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, MCP-1, RANTES, and eotaxin on Luminex with custom-designed 7-plex kits. The level of RANTES in ASD children was significantly lower than those of TD. In TDs, the salivary levels of IL-1β, MCP-1, and TNFα correlated positively with age. In ASD, the cytokine levels did not correlate with age. There were statistically significant differences between the RANTES level and aggression and gait disturbances, between IL-8 level and fixations/stimulations, and between IL-1β level and no active speech. The levels of the cytokine detected can manifest both systemic and local changes related to ASD. The cytokine pattern cannot be used as a sole ASD predictor, but the salivary levels may be helpful in categorizing the ASD subtype.

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A New Approach for the Diagnosis of Systemic and Oral Diseases Based on Salivary Biomolecules

Cited by 74 publications

References 89 publications

Salivary microR‐153 and microR‐223 Levels as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers of Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease

Salivary microR‐153 and microR‐223 Levels as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers of Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease

<p>The Clinical Utility of Salivary Biomarkers in the Identification of Type 2 Diabetes Risk and Metabolic Syndrome</p>

Salivary Cytokine Profile as a Possible Predictor of Autism Spectrum Disorder

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