In this chapter, we discuss facility location problems arising in the context of healthcare. We concentrate on three main areas: the most classical one is healthcare facility location which is closely related to public facility location. Secondly, we look at ambulance planning which includes ambulance location and relocation problems. In the last part, we give an overview of hospital layout problems. For all three parts, we state some important models and give an overview of relevant literature as well as current research directions. A comprehensive reference list is included at the end of the chapter.
Keywords Ambulance location • Healthcare facility location • Layout problems • Public facility location
IntroductionThe ageing society together with a high cost pressure on the healthcare sector brings methods from operations research in a quite prominent place. From a perspective of facility location, healthcare applications bring together different models from location theory and moreover, they give raise to new models as we will see in this chapter.One of the most discussed topics in healthcare is the equal access to health services and a high level of health protection at the same time which is a universal and ageless problem. This leads to the first topic that we deal with in this chapter: Sect. 21.2 is devoted to healthcare facility location; we review the literature and present some classical models in that area. The reader needs some basic knowledge on discrete facility location problems as discussed in Chaps. 2-5 of Part I of this book. Another crucial issue in healthcare is the time interval between an emergency