A new challenge in forensic toxicology exemplified by a case of murder under the influence of a synthetic cannabinoid – AM-2201

New challenges in toxicology of new psychoactive substances exemplified by fatal cases after UR-144 and UR-144 with pentedrone administration determined by LC-ESI-MS-MS in blood samples

“…In the second and third cases, another NPS was also detected and identified as pentedrone belonging to the class of synthetic cathinones. ne normy laboratoryjnej ISO/IEC 17025 dla metod analitycznych i zostały szczegółowo przedstawione we wcześniejszych pracach autorów [10][11][12].…”

“…Wiąże się to również ze słabą rozpuszczalnością w wodzie kannabinoidów, ich ła-twą absorpcją przez błony lipidowe i szybką eliminacją z krwi krążącej. Z powodu spodziewanych małych stężeń w materiale biologicznym zarówno formy podstawowej, jak i metabolitów, detekcja tych związków w matrycy biologicznej może być trudna, zwłaszcza że ich metabolitów jeszcze wystarczająco nie zbadano i nie opisano [12].…”

“…This is also associated with the fact that cannabinoids are poorly dissolved in water, easily absorbed through lipid membranes and rapidly eliminated from circulating blood. In view of the expected low concentrations of the parent form and metabolites in biological material, the detection of these compounds in the biological matrix can be problematic, especially because of the fact that their metabolites have not been sufficiently studied and described yet [12].…”

Spicing it up - synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists and psychosis - a systematic review

“…There were incidents of self-harm across both groups including substantial burns related to one NPPH patient's paranoid delusions that his own hands were going to harm him (Meijer et al, 2014), and one patient who inflicted a penetrating wound to his neck requiring otorhinolaryngological surgery in the PPH group (Oliveira et al, 2017). Violent behaviour was noted in one NPPH case report resulting in the death of a female relative (Rojek et al, 2017), which is consistent with previous reports of homicidal ideation in SCRA users (Glue et al, 2013).…”

“…The full text of remaining 216 papers was searched, and a further 192 papers excluded due to not fulfilling the inclusion criteria (Fig 1). After abstraction and full text screening, a total of 24 articles were selected for review: 2 toxicology reports (Monte et al, 2017;Waugh et al, 2016), 4 casecontrol studies (Altintas et al, 2016;Bassir Nia et al, 2016;Shalit et al, 2016;Welter et al, 2017), 3 cross-sectional analyses (Glue et al, 2013;Manseau et al, 2017;Vallersnes et al, 2016) and 15 case reports (Barcelo et al, 2017;Benford and Caplan, 2011;Coppola and Mondola, 2017;Hurst et al, 2011;Johnson et al, 2011;Mahgoub and Young, 2017;Meijer et al, 2014;Muller et al, 2017;Oliveira et al, 2017;Oluwabusi et al, 2012;Ozer et al, 2016;Roberto et al, 2016;Rojek et al, 2017;Samaan et al, 2016; Van der Veer and Friday, 2011) ( Figure 1).…”