A new concept for stainless steels ranking upon the resistance to cavitation erosion

Cavitation Erosion of the Austenitic Manganese Layers Deposited by Pulsed Current Electric Arc Welding on Duplex Stainless Steel Substrates

“…of cavitation, followed by a slight decrease, resulting in the linearization of the M(t) approximation curve. This behavior, according to previous studies [23,24], is dictated by the high values of hardness, homogeneously distributed within the volume of the layer structure attacked by cavitation; • an identical and high degree of tolerance interval (97%), as well as very small values of the standard mean deviation σ = (0.013−0.02), corresponding to the dispersion range of experimental values, confirming the accuracy of the experimental program and the consistency of the operating parameter values of the vibrating device (amplitude, frequency, water temperature, ultrasonic electronic generator power), as a result of the rigorous control provided by the software implemented in the connected computer. The data from the diagram of Figure 5, correlated with the literature [23,24], show:…”

“…These include the experimental values of three samples sets, their mediation curves, and statistical values (tolerance interval, bounded by the two boundaries S and I, standard mean deviation σ), which provide data about the accuracy of conducting the experimental test. The data from the diagram of Figure 5, correlated with the literature [23,24], show:…”

“…• for the analytical averaging curve of the experimental values obtained for the mean erosion rates [23,24].…”

“…where: For i = 1, ∆t i = 0, M i = 0, where: [23,24]. Since cavitation is a hydrodynamic phenomenon, whose destructive effect through erosion is strongly dependent on microstructure and cavitation vibratory hydrodynamics, in the diagrams from Figure 5a-c, which express variations in cumulative masses, there is a legend with the values of the standard mean deviation intervening in the relations of the upper (S(t)) and lower (I(t)) boundaries of the dispersion domain of experimental values, known in statistics as the degree of precision or tolerance interval.…”

“…Since cavitation is a hydrodynamic phenomenon, whose destructive effect through erosion is strongly dependent on microstructure and cavitation vibratory hydrodynamics, in the diagrams from Figure 5a-c, which express variations in cumulative masses, there is a legend with the values of the standard mean deviation intervening in the relations of the upper (S(t)) and lower (I(t)) boundaries of the dispersion domain of experimental values, known in statistics as the degree of precision or tolerance interval. For a hydrodynamic process, such as cavitation, data from the specialized literature [23,24] show that the tolerance interval values, for a correctly conducted test with rigorously controlled hydrodynamic regime parameters, can have values up to 90% (approximation error of ±10%). The relationships used to determine the standard mean deviation σ and the boundaries S(t) and I(t), according to the literature [23], adapted to the experimental data from the diagrams, have the following forms:…”