A New Cytotoxic Agent from Solid-State Fermented Mycelium of Antrodia camphorata

Antroquinonol from ethanolic extract of mycelium of Antrodia cinnamomea protects hepatic cells from ethanol-induced oxidative stress through Nrf-2 activation

“…Several compounds from the mycelia of Antrodia cinnamomea have been reported to possess biological activities (Ao et al, 2009). Antroquinonol, a ubiquinone derivative isolated from the mycelia of Antrodia cinnamomea showed potent anti-cancer activity against various human carcinoma cell lines (Lee et al, 2007;Chiang et al, 2010;Yang et al, 2009) also described the anti-inflammatory activity of antroquinonol against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in murine macrophage cells. In addition, preclinical toxicology studies of antroquinonol showed that toxic effects were observed only after administration of 30-50 times the effective dosage .…”

“…Antroquinonol ( Fig. 1) was purified from mycelia of Antrodia cinnamomea according to a protocol described previously (Lee et al, 2007). The purity of antroquinonol was above 99% according to HPLC and 1 H NMR analysis.…”

“…Antrodia cinnamomea is rich in flavonoids, terpinoids, polyphenolics and polysaccharides (Chiang et al, 2010). Antroquinonol, a ubiquinone derivate isolated from the fruiting bodies and mycelium of Antrodia cinnamomea, showed interesting bioactive properties such as anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity (Lee et al, 2007;Chang et al, 2008;Yang et al, 2009;Chiang et al, 2010). It has been reported that mycelia of Antrodia cinnamomea possess hepatoprotective effects against ethanol-induced liver injury in rats (Lu et al, 2007).…”

A mechanistic study on the biosynthetic regulation of bioactive metabolite Antroquinonol from edible and medicinal mushroom Antrodia camphorata

“…Many types of bioactive compounds have been isolated from A. camphorata, such as triterpenoids, polysaccharides, ergostanoids, succinic and maleic derivatives, benzenoids, and ubiquinone derivatives (Chang et al, 2015a;Chang, Kuo, Chang, & Kong, 2015b;Chien et al, 2008;Huang et al, 2015;Kuo, Lin, & Shih, 2015;Yen et al, 2015). Antroquinonol, an ubquinone derivative, is one of the most important bioactive compounds isolated from the mycelia and fruiting bodies of A. camphorata produced by solid-state fermentation (Lee, Lee, & Tsou, 2007). It was chemically characterised as a unique, unstable quinonol nucleus with a sesquiterpene side chain.…”

Immunomodulatory effect of Antrodia camphorata mycelia and culture filtrate

“…Various biological functions have been assigned to crude extracts and isolated components of fruiting bodies or submerged cultured mycelia of Antrodia camphorata. These include anti-oxidant (Hseu et al, 2008;Hsiao et al, 2003;Tsai et al, 2007), anti-inflammatory (Chen et al, 2007c;Hseu et al, 2005;Shen et al, 2007Shen et al, , 2004, anti-hepatitis (Lee et al, 2007), hepatoprotective (Lu et al, 2007), anti-tumor (Chang et al, 2008;Hseu et al, 2004;Kuo et al, 2006b;Liu et al, 2004;Peng et al, 2007;Rao et al, 2007;Yang et al, 2006), vasorelaxatory (Wang et al, 2003), neuroprotective (Lu et al, 2008) and immunomodulatory Cheng et al, 2008) activities.…”