A New Detergent for the Effective Decellularization of Bovine and Porcine Pericardia

Abstract

Human and animal pericardia are among the most widely exploited materials suitable to repair damaged tissues in the cardiovascular surgery context. Autologous, xenogeneic (chemically treated) and homologous pericardia are largely utilized, but they do exhibit some crucial drawbacks. Any tissue treated with glutaraldehyde is known to be prone to calcification in vivo, lacks regeneration potential, has limited durability, and can result in cytotoxicity. Moreover, autologous tissues have limited availability. Decellularized biological tissues represent a promising alternative: decellularization removes cellular and nuclear components from native tissues and makes them suitable for repopulation by autologous cells upon implantation into the body. The present work aims to assess the effects of a new detergent, i.e., Tergitol, for decellularizing bovine and porcine pericardia. The decellularization procedure successfully removed cells, while preserving the histoarchitecture of the extracellular matrix. No cytotoxic effect was observed. Therefore, decellularized pericardia showed potential to be used as scaffold for cardiovascular tissue regeneration.

Small intestinal submucosa-derived extracellular matrix as a heterotopic scaffold for cardiovascular applications

“…Therefore, after decellularization, in the absence of the original cells and their signals, the architecture and ultrastructure that the ECM assumes become crucial, as it can guide cell repopulation and tissue remodeling, in-vivo (Bissell and Glennhall, 1982;Labat-Robert et al, 1990;Almarza et al, 2008). Of note, we did not observe alterations in the overall collagen fibers architecture and fibrillar directionality, by TPM microscopy (Figures 3A,B), which was assessed after both decellularization treatments, in contrast to what has been described in the literature for decellularized SIS (Casarin et al, 2022). Although the efficacy of the two detergents seems similar, in SEM and TEM microscopy analysis (Figures 3C,D), the validity of Tergitol 15 S 9 is better as no cells or membranous remnants are visible in the ultrastructure.…”

“…Triton-X 100 has been removed from the market since January 2021 for its endocrine-disrupting properties (ECHA, REACH), and a new protocol has been developed by our group, which is based on a new detergent called Tergitol 15-S 9. This is a non-ionic, linear-chain surfactant belonging to the series of ethoxylated secondary alcohols, which has received promising preliminary results in the decellularization process ( Faggioli et al, 2022 ; Todesco et al, 2022 ; Casarin et al, 2022 ). Unlike Triton X-100, Tergitol 15-S 9 is easily biodegradable, does not induce cytotoxicity, and, due to its chemical structure, has a much faster micelle formation mechanism, resulting in better wettability.…”

Evaluation of physicochemical properties of graphene oxide‐decellularized pericardium biohybrid scaffold

“…The glycosaminoglycan, elastin, and collagen are the significant components of ECM protein present in the pericardium. 21,32,33 GO is a monolayer sheet of honeycomb lattice carbon atoms with the hydroxyl, epoxy, and carboxyl groups capable of making strong hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interaction with the matrix 18,19 The void space developed after the decellularization process in the ECM allows the GO to pass through the matrix and contributes to better reinforcement. 15 The GO also contributes to microbial growth inhibition by surface modification, aggregation, and dispersion, in which it apoptosis the bacteria via nano edge puncture, destabilizes cellular protein, and blocks membrane transport to cellular components, 23,34 Pereira et al synthesized…”

“…In this study, a biohybrid scaffold is developed by conjugating graphene oxide and decellularized caprine pericardium. The glycosaminoglycan, elastin, and collagen are the significant components of ECM protein present in the pericardium 21,32,33 . GO is a monolayer sheet of honeycomb lattice carbon atoms with the hydroxyl, epoxy, and carboxyl groups capable of making strong hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interaction with the matrix 18,19 The void space developed after the decellularization process in the ECM allows the GO to pass through the matrix and contributes to better reinforcement 15 .…”

Preliminary In Vitro Assessment of Decellularized Porcine Descending Aorta for Clinical Purposes

“…Before the analysis, samples were cut into squares of 10 × 10 mm 2 and equilibrated for 3–4 h in deuterium oxide (Janssen, Beerse, Belgium) to reduce the interference of water bands in the amide-I region [ 40 , 41 ]. A Matlab ® script (Mathworks, Natick, MA, USA) was used to analyse the data [ 42 ].…”