“…In this transition region, different ions (O + , He + , and H + ) and electrons ( e − ) mainly come from the ionization of neutral atmospheric compositions through absorption of solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation, and some plasma species are also lost through the charge exchange or recombination reactions [ Weiss , ; Schunk and Nagy , ]. Besides the photochemical reactions, the plasma spatial distributions are changed by neutral wind drag and/or electromagnetic forces [ Anderson , ; Murphy et al ., ; Balan et al ., ; Denton et al ., ; Luan and Solomon , ; Wang et al ., ]. Meanwhile, the plasma motions are also influenced by magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling processes [ Song et al ., , ; Song and Vasyliūnas , ; Tu et al ., ].…”