A new EEG recording system for passive dry electrodes

Gargiulo, Gaetano; Calvo, Rafael A.; Bifulco, Paolo; Cesarelli, Mario; Jin, Craig; Mohamed, Armin; Schaik, André van

doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2009.12.025

Cited by 139 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Furthermore it has been reported that capacitive electrodes tend to be strongly affected by motion and muscular artifacts, and also exhibiting long recovery times after such artifacts occur [12,3].…”

Section: Background and Objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…While there has been a recent surge in dry electrode technology with many groups starting research in this domain [1,2,3], dry electrodes have already been proposed since the early 90's [4,5], early pioneering work of capacitive electrodes had already begun in the early 70's [6]. The miniaturization of EEG equipment [7] as well as the wearability and convenience of novel EEG systems will be a vital factor in determining whether EEG-based related BCI technology will be accepted by the wider community and thus gain wide-spread use.…”

Section: Background and Objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Bristle-sensors—low-cost flexible passive dry EEG electrodes for neurofeedback and BCI applications

Voinescu²,

2011

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In this paper we present a new low-cost dry electrode for EEG, that is made of flexible metal-coated polymer bristles. We examine various standard EEG paradigms, such as capturing occipital alpha rhythms, testing for event related potentials in an auditory oddball paradigm and perform a sensory motor rhythm-based event-related (de-) synchronization paradigm to validate the performance of the novel electrodes in terms of signal quality. Our findings suggest, that the dry electrodes we developed result in high quality EEG recordings and are thus suitable for a wide range of EEG studies and BCI applications. Furthermore, due to the flexibility of the novel electrodes a higher comfort is achieved in some subjects, this being essential for long-term use. Background and ObjectiveWhile there has been a recent surge in dry electrode technology with many groups starting research in this domain [1,2,3], dry electrodes have already been proposed since the early 90's [4,5], early pioneering work of capacitive electrodes had already begun in the early 70's [6]. The miniaturization of EEG equipment [7] as well as the wearability and convenience of novel EEG systems will be a vital factor in determining whether EEG-based related BCI technology will be accepted by the wider community and thus gain wide-spread use. Being able to measure high-quality EEG signals through hair, while at the same time not posing any health risks is also very important.Classic gel-based electrodes present a number of inconveniences that have prevented this spread so far. For one there is the time-consuming setup of an EEG cap, but also the gel is wet, it may dry up and requires washing of the hair after use. In addition the drying up gel can lead to varying impedances and the need of periodical recalibration, making long-term monitoring more difficult.

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Section: Background and Objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background and Objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Bristle-sensors—low-cost flexible passive dry EEG electrodes for neurofeedback and BCI applications

Voinescu²,

2011

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“…A number of wireless headset EEG devices have become commercially available in recent years that seek to improve usability and portability, while maintaining data quality (Gargiulo et al, 2010, Chi et al, 2010. These portable devices may provide an alternative to conventional recording systems that is better suited to evaluation over time, particularly when working with populations with limited tolerance for psychophysiological assessment, such as children, or individuals with neurologic, neuropsychological, or psychiatric conditions (Badcock et al, 2013, Johnstone et al, 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test-retest reliability of a single-channel, wireless EEG system

Rogers

Johnstone

Aminov

et al. 2016

International Journal of Psychophysiology

101

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Recording systems to acquire electroencephalogram (EEG) data are traditionally lab-based. However, there are shortcomings to this method, and the ease of use and portability of emerging wireless EEG technologies offer a promising alternative. A previous validity study demonstrated data derived from a single-channel, wireless system (NeuroSky ThinkGear, San Jose, California) is comparable to EEG recorded from conventional lab-based equipment. The current study evaluated the reliability of this portable system using test-retest and reliable change analyses. Relative power (RP) of delta, theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands was derived from EEG data obtained from a single electrode over FP1 in 19 healthy youth (10-17 years old), 21 healthy adults (18-28 years old), and 19 healthy older adults (55-79 years old), during eyes-open, eyesclosed, auditory oddball, and visual n-back conditions. Intra-class correlations (ICCs) and Coefficients of Repeatability (CRs) were calculated from RP data re-collected one-day, one-week, and one-month later. Participants' levels of mood and attention were consistent across sessions. Eyes-closed resting EEG measurements using the portable device were reproducible (ICCs 0.76-0.85) at short and longer retest intervals in all three participant age groups. While still of at least fair reliability (ICCs 0.57-0.85), EEG obtained during eyes-open paradigms was less stable, and any change observed over time during these testing conditions can be interpreted utilizing the CR values provided. Combined with existing validity data, these findings encourage application of the portable EEG system for the study of brain function.

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“…However, a clinical comparison of concurrent measurements with wet and dry EEG electrodes concludes that there is a high degree of correlation between the signals obtained from both types of electrodes. Some research suggests that dry conducting electrodes offer better long-term performance (Gargiulo et al, 2010). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of electrical potential sensors and Ag/AgCl electrodes for characterising spontaneous and event related electroencephalagram signals

Fatoorechi

Parkinson

Prance

et al. 2015

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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(2015) A comparative study of electrical potential sensors and Ag/AgCl electrodes for characterising spontaneous and event related electroencephalagram signals. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, This version is available from Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/54264/ This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and reuse:Sussex Research Online is a digital repository of the research output of the University.Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available.Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. AbstractFor exactly 90 years researchers have used electroencephalography (EEG) as a window into the activities of the brain. Even now its high temporal resolution coupled with relatively low cost compares favourably to other neuroimaging techniques such as magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). For the majority of this time the standard electrodes used for non-invasive monitoring of electrical activities of the brain have been Ag/AgCl metal electrodes. Although these electrodes provide a reliable method for recording EEG they suffer from noise, such as offset potential drift, and usability issues, for example, difficult skin preparation and cross-coupling of adjacent electrodes. In order to tackle these issues a prototype Electric Potential Sensor (EPS) device based on an auto-zero operational amplifier has been developed and evaluated. The absence of 1/f noise in these devices makes them ideal for use with signal frequencies of ~10 Hz or less. The EPS is a novel active ultrahigh impedance capacitively coupled sensor. The active electrodes are designed to be physically and electrically robust and chemically and biochemically inert. They are electrically insulated (anodized) and scalable. A comprehensive study was undertaken to compare the results of neural signals recorded by the EPS with a standard commercial EEG system. These studies comprised measurements of both free running EEG and Event Related Potentials (ERPs). Results demonstrate that the EPS provides a promising alternative, with many added benefits compared to standard EEG sensors, including reduced setup time, elimination of sensor cross-coupling, l...

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A new EEG recording system for passive dry electrodes

Cited by 139 publications

References 7 publications

Bristle-sensors—low-cost flexible passive dry EEG electrodes for neurofeedback and BCI applications

Bristle-sensors—low-cost flexible passive dry EEG electrodes for neurofeedback and BCI applications

Test-retest reliability of a single-channel, wireless EEG system

A comparative study of electrical potential sensors and Ag/AgCl electrodes for characterising spontaneous and event related electroencephalagram signals

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