A New Flame Retardant for Wood Materials Tested in Wood‐Plastic Composites

Seefeldt, Henrik; Braun, Ulrike

doi:10.1002/mame.201100382

Cited by 47 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Fig. 34 XPS analysis of the condensed products of W 60 PC/PTPA 10 / APP 20 . At 25 C, P]O (1261 cm À1 ), P-O-P (1018 cm À1 , 894 cm À1 ) are attributed to APP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of the flame retardancy of wood-fibre/polypropylene composites with ideal mechanical properties by a novel intumescent flame retardant system

Guan

Wang

et al. 2015

RSC Adv.

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To improve the flame retardancy and maintain the ideal mechanical properties of the widely used wood fibre (WF) reinforced polypropylene (PP) composite (WPC), a novel intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system consisting of poly[N 4 -bis(ethylenediamino)-phenyl phosphonic-N 2 ,N 6 -bis(ethylenediamino)-1,3,5-triazine-N-phenyl phosphonate] (PTPA) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was developed. Addition of APP, a high performance flame retardant, improves flame retardancy but has a negative effect on flexural properties and the Notched Izod impact strength. Combining self-designed PTPA with WPC has a positive effect on the mechanical properties whereas it just slightly increases the flame retardancy. The flame retarded WPC system with both PTPA and APP, i.e. WPC/PTPA/APP, combines bilateral advantages. The selected formula has a flexural modulus of 4.4 GPa, flexural strength of 37.2 MPa and impact strength of 1.8 kJ m À2 , only the flexural strength is slightly lower than that of neat WPC.And the formula has a high limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 31.5%, which passes the UL-94 V-0 rating for a vertical burning test. The results of cone calorimetry show that the heat release rate (HRR) of the WPC/ PTPA/APP system is significantly reduced compared to the neat WPC. The pyrolysis and char residue of the WPC/PTPA/APP system were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These results reveal the flame-retardant mechanism that PTPA/APP can synergistically catalyze the etherification, dehydration and char formation of WPC.

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“…Fig. 34 XPS analysis of the condensed products of W 60 PC/PTPA 10 / APP 20 . At 25 C, P]O (1261 cm À1 ), P-O-P (1018 cm À1 , 894 cm À1 ) are attributed to APP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of the flame retardancy of wood-fibre/polypropylene composites with ideal mechanical properties by a novel intumescent flame retardant system

Guan

Wang

et al. 2015

RSC Adv.

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“…For several years our group has been investigating the decomposition process of polymers using thermogravimetric methods Braun and Schartel, 2008;Seefeldt and Braun, 2012;Seefeldt et al, 2013). Most of our work has focused on the material characterization and the material stabilization at high temperature or in oxidizing atmosphere.…”

Section: Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of polyethylene microplastics in environmental samples, using a thermal decomposition method

et al. 2015

Self Cite

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“…Various methods have been developed for evaluating the effectiveness of fire retardant treated WPCs, including thermal analysis, tunnel flame-spread tests, critical oxygen index tests, smoke production tests, fire tube test, cone calorimeter, and analysis of solid residue or gaseous products of thermal decomposition [13][14][15][16][17]. Among these methods, TG analysis was a simple, convenient, and fast method for evaluating the pyrolysis under air or inert gas flow [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal decomposition of fire-retarded wood flour/polypropylene composites

Sun

Xie

et al. 2015

J Therm Anal Calorim

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The influence of magnesium hydroxide (MH), expandable graphite (EG), and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) on the kinetic property and degradation mechanisms of wood flour/polypropylene composites (WPPC) was investigated using thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The kinetic parameters were determined using Kissinger and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (F-W-O) methods. Criado method was used to investigate the probable degradation mechanisms. Thermogravimetric results indicated that EG and APP accelerated the degradation process of wood flour and promoted an increase in the conversion value at low temperatures. The activation energy values obtained through Kissinger and F-W-O methods were 161-178 kJ mol -1 (wood flour degradation stage) and 234-305 kJ mol -1 (polypropylene degradation stage) for WPPC with or without fire retardants. The degradation mechanism of wood flour occurred by diffusion in three-dimensional processes when the conversion value was below 0.8. Polypropylene and fire retardants had no direct influence on the degradation mechanism of wood flour. In the polypropylene decomposition stage, the degradation of WPPC without fire retardant followed phase-boundarycontrolled reaction mechanism. However, the behavior of WPPC incorporation of MH, EG, or APP was governed by nucleation and growth mechanism.

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A New Flame Retardant for Wood Materials Tested in Wood‐Plastic Composites

Cited by 47 publications

References 27 publications

Improvement of the flame retardancy of wood-fibre/polypropylene composites with ideal mechanical properties by a novel intumescent flame retardant system

Improvement of the flame retardancy of wood-fibre/polypropylene composites with ideal mechanical properties by a novel intumescent flame retardant system

Analysis of polyethylene microplastics in environmental samples, using a thermal decomposition method

Thermal decomposition of fire-retarded wood flour/polypropylene composites

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