A new-generation 3D ozone FACE (Free Air Controlled Exposure)

Paoletti, Elena; Materassi, Alessandro; Fasano, G.; Hoshika, Yasutomo; Carriero, Giulia; Silaghi, Diana; Badea, Ovidiu

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.217

Cited by 75 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…On a long-term basis, ambient O 3 has been considered as a stress factor contributing to impairment of forest health status and its influence has been studied from different aspects. In spite of clear evidence of O 3 harmful effects observed in laboratory experiments, fumigation chambers, or FO 3 X (Free air O 3 eXposure) experiments (Sandermann et al, 1997;Paoletti et al, 2017;Franz et al, 2018;Hoshika et al, 2018), the field evidence for impacts of O 3 exposure on tree growth is not that clear (De Vries et al, 2014;Cailleret et al, 2018). Moreover, observations in real stand conditions from numerous regions show that measured high O 3 exposures or modeled high O 3 stomatal flux do not correspond with unclear impacts on forest ecosystems (e.g., Ferretti et al, 2007;Matyssek et al, 2007;Waldner et al, 2007;Baumgarten et al, 2009).…”

Section: Relevance Of Our Results To Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Are the Principal Factors Affecting Ambient Ozone Concentrations in Czech Mountain Forests?

Hůnová

Brabec

Malý

2019

Front. For. Glob. Change

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The aim of our study was to identify the factors substantially affecting day-to-day variability in O 3 concentrations in Czech mountain forests and to describe their influence in detailed, quantitative way. We examined the effects of meteorology and ambient NO x recorded in regular long-term continuous monitoring at five mountain forest sites representing different regions, covering both polluted and relatively unpolluted areas over the time period of 1992-2018. To investigate the association between ambient O 3 concentrations on one hand, and precursor NO x concentrations, and meteorology on the other hand, we used a generalized additive model, GAM, with semiparametric (penalized-spline-based) components to capture properly the possible departures from linearity that is not captured by traditional linear regression approaches. Our results revealed that the O 3 concentrations showed significant associations with all selected explanatory variables, i.e., air temperature, global solar radiation (GLRD), relative humidity, and NO x . Apparently, both meteorology and air pollution are highly important for day-to-day O 3 concentrations, and this finding is consistent for all five rural sites, representing middle-elevated forested mountain areas in Central Europe. In addition to individual variables, we were able to detect interactions between three pairs of explanatory variables, namely temperature * GLRD, temperature * relative humidity, and GLRD * relative humidity. Moreover, we confirmed non-linear O 3 behavior toward all individual explanatory variables.

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Section: Relevance Of Our Results To Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Are the Principal Factors Affecting Ambient Ozone Concentrations in Czech Mountain Forests?

Hůnová

Brabec

Malý

2019

Front. For. Glob. Change

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“…Measurements were conducted at an O 3 FACE facility located in Sesto Fiorentino, in central Italy (43 • 48' 59" N, 11 • 12' 01" E, 55 m a.s.l.). The details of the system are described in Paoletti et al, 2017 [25]. Five-year old saplings of A. glutinosa and S. aucuparia, and three-year old saplings of V. myrtillus were obtained from a nearby nursery in December 2017.…”

Section: Experimental Site and Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flux-Based Ozone Risk Assessment for a Plant Injury Index (PII) in Three European Cool-Temperate Deciduous Tree Species

Hoshika

Carrari

Mariotti

et al. 2020

Forests

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This study investigated visible foliar ozone (O3) injury in three deciduous tree species with different growth patterns (indeterminate, Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.; intermediate, Sorbus aucuparia L.; and determinate, Vaccinium myrtillus L.) from May to August 2018. Ozone effects on the timing of injury onset and a plant injury index (PII) were investigated using two O3 indices, i.e., AOT40 (accumulative O3 exposure over 40 ppb during daylight hours) and PODY (phytotoxic O3 dose above a flux threshold of Y nmol m−2 s−1). A new parameterization for PODY estimation was developed for each species. Measurements were carried out in an O3 free-air controlled exposure (FACE) experiment with three levels of O3 treatment (ambient, AA; 1.5 × AA; and 2.0 × AA). Injury onset was found in May at 2.0 × AA in all three species and the timing of the onset was determined by the amount of stomatal O3 uptake. It required 4.0 mmol m−2 POD0 and 5.5 to 9.0 ppm·h AOT40. As a result, A. glutinosa with high stomatal conductance (gs) showed the earliest emergence of O3 visible injury among the three species. After the onset, O3 visible injury expanded to the plant level as confirmed by increased PII values. In A. glutinosa with indeterminate growth pattern, a new leaf formation alleviated the expansion of O3 visible injury at the plant level. V. myrtillus showed a dramatic increase of PII from June to July due to higher sensitivity to O3 in its flowering and fruiting stage. Ozone impacts on PII were better explained by the flux-based index, PODY, as compared with the exposure-based index, AOT40. The critical levels (CLs) corresponding to PII = 5 were 8.1 mmol m−2 POD7 in A. glutinosa, 22 mmol m−2 POD0 in S. aucuparia, and 5.8 mmol m−2 POD1 in V. myrtillus. The results highlight that the CLs for PII are species-specific. Establishing species-specific O3 flux-effect relationships should be key for a quantitative O3 risk assessment.

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“…Alcuni enti di ricerca ospitano inoltre siti di manipolazione in cui specie forestali vengono esposti a concentrazioni fitotossiche di inquinanti per studiarne la risposta al variare dei parametri climatici. Tra questi si annoverano i sistemi FACE (Free Air Controlled Exposure), ovvero impianti sperimentali all'aria aperta in cui vengono immesse dosi crescenti di inquinanti per studiare la risposta delle piante, come l'ozone FACE di Firenze (Paoletti et al 2017), e la somministrazione di fertilizzanti azotati nelle faggete di Collelongo (Abruzzo) e Cansiglio (Veneto - Scartazza et al 2017). Per studi meccanicistici sono disponibili anche camere chiuse o opentop ed esperimenti in condizioni artificiali (Gerosa et al 2015, Fusaro et al 2017, Landi et al 2019.…”

Section: L'italia Fa La Sua Parte Nel Comprendere Gli Effetti Dell'inunclassified

Monitoring Italian forest ecosystems to understand the impacts of atmospheric pollution and the opportunities for mitigation

Fares¹,

Paoletti²

2019

Forest@

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Il monitoraggio degli ecosistemi forestali per comprendere gli impatti dell'inquinamento atmosferico e le opportunità di mitigazione Silvano Fares (1) , Elena Paoletti (2) Monitoring Italian forest ecosystems to understand the impacts of atmospheric pollution and the opportunities for mitigation Atmospheric pollution produced by anthropogenic activities has detrimental effects on humans but also on plants. When forests are affected by exposure to pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, particles (with size ≤ 10 µm), and ozone, they in turn act as sentinels towards pollutant emission and at the same time provide ecosystem services when they scavenge pollutants form the atmosphere. In order to move towards levels of air quality not giving rise to significant negative impacts and risks to human health and the environment, the revision of the National Emission Ceilings Directive (2016/2284/EU) sets limits on the amount of pollutants that can be emitted by each Member States per year. By recognizing the negative impacts of pollution on forest ecosystems, the Directive also invites member states to monitor the impacts of pollution on forest ecosystems encouraging the continuation of long-term monitoring networks such as the ICP-Forests network. We discuss here opportunities for Italy to attain the directive thanks to a revitalized activity based on existing monitoring networks and the synergies with other newly established monitoring programs.

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A new-generation 3D ozone FACE (Free Air Controlled Exposure)

Cited by 75 publications

References 48 publications

What Are the Principal Factors Affecting Ambient Ozone Concentrations in Czech Mountain Forests?

What Are the Principal Factors Affecting Ambient Ozone Concentrations in Czech Mountain Forests?

Flux-Based Ozone Risk Assessment for a Plant Injury Index (PII) in Three European Cool-Temperate Deciduous Tree Species

Monitoring Italian forest ecosystems to understand the impacts of atmospheric pollution and the opportunities for mitigation

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