A new generation of absolute gravimeters

Niebauer, T. M.; Sasagawa, G. S.; Faller, J. E.; Hilt, Richard L.; Klopping, F. J.

doi:10.1088/0026-1394/32/3/004

Cited by 465 publications

(449 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Best sensitivities are obtained during night measurements, as the vibration noise in the 1-10 Hz band is significantly lower. We reach at best an equivalent sensitivity as low as 5.5 × 10 −8 g at 1 s when fitting fringes, which is only 4 times worse than our best reported value with the platform floating [12], and only twice larger than the sensitivity obtained in our laboratory with a commercial FG-5 corner cube gravimeter [2] in the same vibration noise conditions.…”

Section: Adaptation Of the Nonlinear Lockcontrasting

confidence: 67%

Operating an atom interferometer beyond its linear range

Merlet¹,

Gouët²,

Bodart³

et al. 2009

Metrologia

121

120

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In this paper, we show that an atom interferometer inertial sensor, when associated to the auxiliary measurement of external vibrations, can be operated beyond its linear range and still keep a high acceleration sensitivity. We propose and compare two measurement procedures (fringe fitting and nonlinear lock) that can be used to extract the mean phase of the interferometer when the interferometer phase fluctuations exceed 2π. Despite operating in the urban environment of inner Paris without any vibration isolation, the use of a low noise seismometer for the measurement of ground vibrations allows our atom gravimeter to reach at night a sensitivity as good as 5.5×10 −8 g at 1 s. Robustness of the measurement to large vibration noise is also demonstrated by the ability of our gravimeter to operate during an earthquake with excellent sensitivity. Our high repetition rate allows for recovering the true low frequency seismic vibrations, ensuring proper averaging.Such techniques open new perspectives for applications in other fields, such as navigation and geophysics. * Electronic address: franck.pereira@obspm.fr

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Section: Adaptation Of the Nonlinear Lockcontrasting

confidence: 67%

Operating an atom interferometer beyond its linear range

Merlet¹,

Gouët²,

Bodart³

et al. 2009

Metrologia

121

120

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“…The transfer to the location of the test mass m is usually done with a relative gravimeter. To date, two different kinds of precise absolute gravimeters are employed in watt balance experiments: a classical interferometer measuring the acceleration of a free falling retroreflector 27 or an atom interferometer. 28 5.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited Article: A precise instrument to determine the Planck constant, and the future kilogram

Haddad

Seifert

Chao

et al. 2016

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A precise instrument, called a watt balance, compares mechanical power measured in terms of the meter, the second, and the kilogram to electrical power measured in terms of the volt and the ohm. A direct link between mechanical action and the Planck constant is established by the practical realization of the electrical units derived from the Josephson and the quantum Hall effects. We describe in this paper the fourth-generation watt balance at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and report our initial determination of the Planck constant obtained from data taken in late 2015 and the beginning of 2016. A comprehensive analysis of the data and the associated uncertainties led to the SI value of the Planck constant, h = 6.626 069 83(22) × 10−34 J s. The relative standard uncertainty associated with this result is 34 × 10−9.

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“…[5] All AG measurements used in our study were performed with a FG5 ballistic gravimeter, manufactured by Micro-g Solutions [Niebauer et al, 1995]. In this instrument, a test mass is repeatedly dropped and its position is measured as a function of time, using a laser and an atomic clock.…”

Section: The Absolute Gravimetermentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated absolute gravity measurements for monitoring slow intraplate vertical deformation in western Europe

et al. 2011

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In continental plate interiors, ground surface movements are at the limit of the noise level and close to or below the accuracy of current geodetic techniques. Absolute gravity measurements are valuable to quantify slow vertical movements, as this instrument is drift free and, unlike GPS, independent of the terrestrial reference frame. Repeated absolute gravity (AG) measurements have been performed in Oostende (Belgian coastline) and at eight stations along a southwest‐northeast profile across the Belgian Ardennes and the Roer Valley Graben (Germany), in order to estimate the tectonic deformation in the area. The AG measurements, repeated once or twice a year, can resolve elusive gravity changes with a precision better than 3.7 nm/s2/yr (95% confidence interval) after 11 years, even in difficult conditions. After 8–15 years (depending on the station), we find that the gravity rates of change lie in the [−3.1, 8.1] nm/s2/yr interval and result from a combination of anthropogenic, climatic, tectonic, and glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) effects. After correcting for the GIA, the inferred gravity rates and consequently, the vertical land movements, reduce to zero within the uncertainty level at all stations except Jülich (because of man‐induced subsidence) and Sohier (possibly, an artifact because of the shortness of the time series at that station).

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A new generation of absolute gravimeters

Cited by 465 publications

References 21 publications

Operating an atom interferometer beyond its linear range

Operating an atom interferometer beyond its linear range

Invited Article: A precise instrument to determine the Planck constant, and the future kilogram

Repeated absolute gravity measurements for monitoring slow intraplate vertical deformation in western Europe

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