A new high-resolution stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental record spanning the End-Permian Mass Extinction and its aftermath in central Spitsbergen, Svalbard

Zuchuat, Valentin; Sleveland, Arve; Twitchett, Richard J.; Svensen, Henrik; Turner, H; Augland, Lars Eivind; Jones, Morgan T.; Hammer, Øyvind; Hauksson, Bjarki; Haflidason, Haflidi; Midtkandal, Ivar

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109732

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…In the lower 2 m of the laminated mudstone interval, fine-grained, pyritic and glauconitic, graded, cemented sandstones, interpreted as distal tempestites, also occur. In the nearby Deltadalen section, Zuchuat et al 26 recorded the conodont Hindeodus parvus from one of these concretionary horizons 2.4 m above the top of the glauconitic sandstones, which marks the Permian/Triassic boundary. Both lipid biomarkers and Fe speciation data suggest that deposition was in a dominantly dysoxic–euxinic environment 27 , 28 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, this fossil assemblage includes bivalves and gastropods that constructed their shells from aragonite and possessed a planktotrophic larval stage, enabling us to test for the presence of acidic conditions at different water depths and at different times in ontogeny. The most recent stratigraphic framework for this succession 26 also allows us to test two of the hypothesised ocean acidification events (H1 and H2), i.e., at the extinction horizon and in the H. parvus Zone (Fig. 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two hypothesised ocean acidification intervals being tested in this study are shown to the left of the stratigraphic log. The position of the Permian/Triassic boundary is based on the occurrence of H. parvus in the nearby Deltadalen section following Zuchuat et al 26 . KS = Kapp Starostin Formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioindicators of severe ocean acidification are absent from the end-Permian mass extinction

Foster

Hirtz

Farrell

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The role of ocean acidification in the end-Permian mass extinction is highly controversial with conflicting hypotheses relating to its timing and extent. Observations and experiments on living molluscs demonstrate that those inhabiting acidic settings exhibit characteristic morphological deformities and disordered shell ultrastructures. These deformities should be recognisable in the fossil record, and provide a robust palaeo-proxy for severe ocean acidification. Here, we use fossils of originally aragonitic invertebrates to test whether ocean acidification occurred during the Permian–Triassic transition. Our results show that we can reject a hypothesised worldwide basal Triassic ocean acidification event owing to the absence of deformities and repair marks on bivalves and gastropods from the Triassic Hindeodus parvus Conodont Zone. We could not, however, utilise this proxy to test the role of a hypothesised acidification event just prior to and/or during the mass extinction event. If ocean acidification did develop during the mass extinction event, then it most likely only occurred in the latest Permian, and was not severe enough to impact calcification.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioindicators of severe ocean acidification are absent from the end-Permian mass extinction

Foster

Hirtz

Farrell

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…This succession in Changxing County, Zhejiang Province, South China (Figure 1), has been subdivided into 115 beds (Li and Jones, 2017) and the PTB has an estimated radiometric age of 251.902 ± 0.024 Ma, according to Burgess 2014). This condensed Tethyan carbonate-dominated section in which the GSSP was defined renders correlation between PTB sections difficult in high-resolution proxy studies, as the extinction interval (Beds 25-28) is only 0.36 mthick (e. g., Baresel et al, 2017;Zuchuat et al, 2020).…”

Section: Geological Settings Meishan Succession Global Stratotype Section Point Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hg Isotopes and Enhanced Hg Concentration in the Meishan and Guryul Ravine Successions: Proxies for Volcanism Across the Permian-Triassic Boundary

Sial¹,

Chen

Korte

et al. 2021

Front. Earth Sci.

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High-resolution organic carbon isotope (δ13C), Hg concentration and Hg isotopes curves are presented for the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) sections at Guryul Ravine (India) and Meishan D (China). The total organic carbon (TOC)-normalized Hg concentrations reveal more intense environmental changes at the Latest Permian Mass Extinction (LPME) and the earliest Triassic Mass Extinction (ETME) horizons coinciding with major δ13C shifts. To highlight palaeoredox conditions we used redox-sensitive elements and Rare Earth Element distribution. At Meishan, three Hg/TOC spikes (I, II, and III) are observed. Spike I remains after normalization by total aluminum (Al), but disappears when normalized by total sulfur (TS). Spike III, at the base of Bed 26, corresponds with excursions in the Hg/TS and Hg/Al curves, indicating a change in paleoredox conditions from anoxic/euxinic in the framboidal pyrite-bearing sediments (Bed 26) to oxygenated sediments (Bed 27). At Guryul Ravine, four Hg/TOC spikes were observed: a clear spike I in Bed 46, spike II at the base of the framboidal pyrite-rich Bed 49, spike III at the PTB, and spike IV at the LPME horizon. Some of these Hg/TOC spikes disappear when TS or Al normalization is applied. The spike I remains in the Hg/TS and Hg/Al curves (oxic conditions), spike II only in the Hg/TS curve (anoxic/euxinic), and spikes III and IV only in Hg/Al curves (oxic). In both sections, Hg deposition was organic-matter bound, the role of sulfides being minor and locally restricted to framboidal pyrite-bearing horizons. Positive mass-independent fractionation (MIF) for Hg odd isotopes (odd-MIF) was observed in pre-LPME samples, negative values in the LPME–PTB interval, and positive values above the ETME horizon. Most Hg-isotope patterns are probably controlled by the bathymetry of atmospheric Hg-bearing deposits. The source of Hg can be attributed to the Siberian Traps Large Igneous Province (STLIP). In the LPME-PTB interval, a complex of STLIP sills (Stage 2) intruded coal-bearing sediments. The negative δ202Hg, the mercury odd-MIF Δ201Hg patterns, and the Δ199Hg–Hg plot in both sections are compatible with volcanic mercury deposition. Our study shows the strength of Hg/TOC ratios as paleoenvironmental proxy and as a tool for stratigraphic correlation.

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“…The fine granularity of mudstones often hampers sedimentological characterisation in outcrops (Potter et al, 2005). Thin sections or high‐quality cores provide the best opportunities to investigate mudstones and to recognise both sedimentary and organic facies variations (Percy & Pedersen, 2020; Zuchuat et al, 2020). However, mudstone successions are rarely cored during wellsite operations and source rock studies are thus commonly based on drill cuttings (Mansour et al, 2020; Rosenberg et al, 2021; Silva et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐elemental chemostratigraphy of Triassic mudstones in eastern Svalbard: Implications for source rock formation in front of the World’s largest delta plain

Wesenlund

Grundvåg

Engelschiøn

et al. 2022

The Depositional Record

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The Triassic Boreal Ocean was a shallow epicontinental basin and the sink of the World's largest delta plain known to date. Nutrient and freshwater supply from this delta have been regarded as important causes for high productivity and water mass stratification, forming Middle Triassic oil‐prone source rocks. Recent studies attribute upwelling and a productivity‐induced oxygen minimum zone as important factors. A multi‐elemental chemostratigraphic study of a Spathian–Carnian mudstone succession exposed in eastern Svalbard was performed to investigate their formation. This includes 89 samples from three localities, from which 34 elements were acquired using combustion and X‐ray fluorescence analyses. The goal is to provide a correlation framework and infer the role of productivity, redox and water mass restriction on organic matter accumulation and source rock formation. These processes had major impact on the source potential. The Spathian Vendomdalen Member suggests deposition during intermittent benthic euxinia and low productivity, corresponding with a reported deep thermocline that obstructed upwelling. The lower Anisian lower–middle Muen Member shows negligible enrichment in redox‐sensitive elements but in situ phosphate nodules, consistent with developing upwelling and moderate productivity. The middle Anisian upper Muen Member formed during high productivity and phosphogenesis and is linked with basin‐wide upwelling. Productivity, phosphate and redox proxies are all strongly enriched in the upper Anisian–Ladinian Blanknuten Member. In the south‐western Barents Sea, the pro‐deltaic environment of the emerging Triassic Boreal Ocean delta system had terminated these conditions. The upper Ladinian upper Blanknuten Member formed within intermittent euxinic bottom waters due to the shallowing sea level. The Carnian Tschermakfjellet Formation marks the dominance of the prograding delta system and the end of Triassic oil‐prone source rock formation in Svalbard.

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A new high-resolution stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental record spanning the End-Permian Mass Extinction and its aftermath in central Spitsbergen, Svalbard

Cited by 27 publications

References 98 publications

Bioindicators of severe ocean acidification are absent from the end-Permian mass extinction

Bioindicators of severe ocean acidification are absent from the end-Permian mass extinction

Hg Isotopes and Enhanced Hg Concentration in the Meishan and Guryul Ravine Successions: Proxies for Volcanism Across the Permian-Triassic Boundary

Multi‐elemental chemostratigraphy of Triassic mudstones in eastern Svalbard: Implications for source rock formation in front of the World’s largest delta plain

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