A new human immunodeficiency virus derived from gorillas

Plantier, Jean‐Christophe; Leoz, Marie; Dickerson, Jonathan E.; Oliveira, Fabienne De; Cordonnier, François; Lemée, Véronique; Damond, Florence; Robertson, David L.; Simon, François

doi:10.1038/nm.2016

Cited by 431 publications

(329 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Group O viruses are more closely related to SIVgor than to SIVcpz, but it is unclear whether the immediate precursor to the human viruses infected chimpanzees or gorillas (1,9,15). Group P viruses are even more closely related to strains of SIVgor (11,12), indicating that they probably arose from a gorilla-to-human transmission, but the geographic location has not been defined.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…One gave rise to group M, the cause of the AIDS pandemic, which has infected more than 40 million people and spread across Africa and throughout the rest of the world. At the other extreme, group N and P viruses have only been found in small numbers of individuals from Cameroon: group N in fewer than 20 individuals (10) and group P in only two individuals (11,12). Group O, although not nearly as prevalent as group M, has nonetheless caused a substantial epidemic.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Origin of the HIV-1 group O epidemic in western lowland gorillas

D’arc

Ayouba

Esteban

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

136

149

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HIV-1, the cause of AIDS, is composed of four phylogenetic lineages, groups M, N, O, and P, each of which resulted from an independent cross-species transmission event of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) infecting African apes. Although groups M and N have been traced to geographically distinct chimpanzee communities in southern Cameroon, the reservoirs of groups O and P remain unknown. Here, we screened fecal samples from western lowland (n = 2,611), eastern lowland (n = 103), and mountain (n = 218) gorillas for gorilla SIV (SIVgor) antibodies and nucleic acids. Despite testing wild troops throughout southern Cameroon (n = 14), northern Gabon (n = 16), the Democratic Republic of Congo (n = 2), and Uganda (n = 1), SIVgor was identified at only four sites in southern Cameroon, with prevalences ranging from 0.8–22%. Amplification of partial and full-length SIVgor sequences revealed extensive genetic diversity, but all SIVgor strains were derived from a single lineage within the chimpanzee SIV (SIVcpz) radiation. Two fully sequenced gorilla viruses from southwestern Cameroon were very closely related to, and likely represent the source population of, HIV-1 group P. Most of the genome of a third SIVgor strain, from central Cameroon, was very closely related to HIV-1 group O, again pointing to gorillas as the immediate source. Functional analyses identified the cytidine deaminase APOBEC3G as a barrier for chimpanzee-to-gorilla, but not gorilla-to-human, virus transmission. These data indicate that HIV-1 group O, which spreads epidemically in west central Africa and is estimated to have infected around 100,000 people, originated by cross-species transmission from western lowland gorillas.

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of the HIV-1 group O epidemic in western lowland gorillas

D’arc

Ayouba

Esteban

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

136

149

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, any diagnostic test also has to be able to detect all circulating HIV variants. HIV is currently divided into two types, HIV-1 and HIV-2, according to the genetic diversity; these types are further subdivided into four groups (M to P) for HIV-1 and nine groups (A to I) for HIV-2 (10,11). Pandemic HIV-1 group M is also subdivided into nine nonrecombinant subtypes (A to D, F to H, and J to K) and numerous circulating recombinant forms (CRF) (http://hiv-web.lanl.gov/) and unique recombinant forms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of the Liaison XL Murex HIV Ab/Ag Test on Clinical Samples Representing Current Epidemic HIV Variants

et al. 2014

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“…HIV is a disorder of the immune system, in which there is a breakdown of defence mechanism against infection, which leaves the person susceptible to the life-threatening infectious diseases including unusual malignancies. 1 It is estimated that about 14,000 HIV infections occur everyday around the world approximately and out of these 90% of these are in developing countries. 2 The post-mortem examination room is the place where infection can spread to persons who are performing autopsy.…”

Section: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Aids) Is Caused By Humanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Hiv Antibodies Before Medicolegal Autopsies

Ranganathan¹,

Ramanan²,

Ranganathan³

et al. 2016

jemds

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BACKGROUNDAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, life-threatening condition caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The post-mortem examination room is the place where infection can spread to persons performing autopsy. The persons involved in autopsy are having a very high risk of various injuries and infections. Therefore, screening of HIV is necessary in routine medico-legal autopsies to prevent spread of infection to forensic personnel.

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A new human immunodeficiency virus derived from gorillas

Cited by 431 publications

References 9 publications

Origin of the HIV-1 group O epidemic in western lowland gorillas

Origin of the HIV-1 group O epidemic in western lowland gorillas

Performance of the Liaison XL Murex HIV Ab/Ag Test on Clinical Samples Representing Current Epidemic HIV Variants

Screening of Hiv Antibodies Before Medicolegal Autopsies

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