A New Landscape of Human Dental Aging: Causes, Consequences, and Intervention Avenues

Abstract

Aging is accompanied by physical dysfunction and physiologic degeneration that occurs over an individual's lifetime. Human teeth, like many other organs, inevitably undergo chronological aging and agerelated changes throughout the lifespan, resulting in a substantial need for preventive, restorative as well as periodontal dental care. This is particularly the case for seniors at 65 years of age and those older but economically disadvantaged. Dental aging not only interferes with normal chewing and digestion, but also affects daily appearance and interpersonal communications. Further dental aging can incur the case of multiple disorders such as oral cancer, encephalitis, and other systemic diseases. In the next decades or even hundreds of years, the proportion of the elderly in the global population will continue to rise, a tendency that attracts increasing attention across multiple scientific and medical disciplines. Dental aging will bring a variety of problems to the elderly themselves and poses serious challenges to the medical profession and social system. A reduced, but functional dentition comprising 20 teeth in occlusion has been proposed as a measurement index of successful dental aging. Healthy dental aging is critical to healthy aging, from both medical and social perspectives. To date, biomedical research on the causes, processes and regulatory mechanisms of dental aging is still in its infancy. In this article, updated insights into typical manifestations, associated pathologies, preventive strategies and molecular changes of dental aging are provided, with future research directions largely projected.

Senescence-associated secretory phenotype constructed detrimental and beneficial subtypes and prognostic index for prostate cancer patients undergoing radical prostatectomy

“…Despite having a shared executive program, genotoxic stimuli cause random damage to cellular macromolecules, which leads to the possibility of cell-to-cell variation in the senescent phenotype [ 28 ]. In the situation of cellular senescence, cellular metabolism is significantly enhanced and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) refers to the ability of senescent cells to raise the quantity of cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and other proteins in the immediate surroundings [ 30 – 34 ]. SASP plays a significant role in numerous biological processes, including chronic inflammation, senescent cell clearance, stem cell activation, and tumour cell reprogramming, as a result of the huge synthesis of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and senescence-associated secretroy proteins [ 26 , 33 – 36 ].…”