A new mathematical model considering the multi-protocol label switching and the routing and spectrum allocation problems jointly in elastic optical networks

Hadian, Ali; Bagherian, Mehri; Ayat, Sayed Saeid

doi:10.1007/s11107-022-00978-8

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…High-transmission speeds and great data transparency make OPS a promising candidate to be implemented as an internet protocol (IP) in the optical domain for all-optical networks. Generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS) has been proposed for OPS due to the efficient management of network resources and the simplified implementation of the layer structure [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Data connections are oriented by establishing label-switching paths (LSPs) expressed by packet labels that are used to perform packet switching in the time, wavelength, and fiber domains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operating Characteristic Curves of Optical Packet-Switching Using Optical Code-Division Multiplexing for Label Switching

Chen

Pan

2023

Photonics

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In this paper, the operating characteristic curves (OCCs) of optical code-division multiplexing (OCDM) technology for label switching of an optical packet-switching (OPS) network was evaluated. A node structure for processing the packets, with spectral-amplitude-coding (SAC) labels, considering a balanced detector and an optical switch, was developed and modeled. The effects of decoding noises on the performance of both M-sequence and stuffed quadratic congruence (SQC) labeling systems were addressed. Hypothesis testing was applied to the decoder to investigate the results of label recognition. The null and alternative hypotheses were, respectively, defined as a decoder receiving the matching and mismatching labels. Due to the noise effects, the decoder output may not reflect the label status correctly. Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is true while accepting the alternative one. Type II error occurs when the alternative hypothesis is true while accepting the null one. Analytic equations of both errors were given, considering a desired packet that was missed and an undesired packet shown in a switched path. The trade-off between these two errors, regarding the decoder threshold, was demonstrated in operating characteristic curves (OCCs). A better OCC could be found when a packet had more labeled payload bits, or when the utilized label code had a lower auto-to-cross-correlation ratio.

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