A new pollination system in non-cleistogamous species of Viola results from nyctinastic (night-closing) petal movements – A mixed outcrossing-selfing strategy

Kwiatkowska, Monika; Bohdanowicz, J.; Cubała, Marlena; Słomka, Aneta; Żabicka, Justyna; Żabicki, Piotr; Migdałek, Grzegorz; Marcussen, Thomas; Thiele, Kevin R.; Kuta, Elżbieta

doi:10.1016/j.flora.2019.01.007

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The nding suggests that both self-compatibility and incompatibility are present in baobab trees, therefore self-pollination and cross-pollination are both possible. Mixed outcrossing-sel ng has also been reported in some other species (Kwiatkowska et al, 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Observed autogamy in Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.)

Akuaku

Kotey²,

Akumah

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is an important wild tree of African origin which is currently attracting interest for domestication. Flower polymorphism observed on baobab trees at the Ho Technical University (HTU), Ghana, raised interest in understanding the phenomenon since it may have implication for reproduction in the species. This led to the objective of examining if baobab flowers could self-fertilize. In furtherance of this, flowering in five, two-year-old baobab trees were monitored. Two of the trees had preanthesis cleistogamous flowers while the other three had dichogamous flowers. The trees with the preanthesis cleistogamous flowers fruited, while those with dichogamous flowers did not. These observations suggested that the preanthesis cleistogamous trees might have self-compatible flowers, while the other type might not have. This seems to be the first report of autogamous fruiting in baobab. Self-compatible trees have a high probability of fruiting and therefore would be higher yielding. In addition, fixing of superior traits is easier in self-compatible trees. Confirmation of the finding is recommended and consequent attempts at domesticating the species should focus on preanthesis cleistogamous baobab trees with desired characters.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The situation where opening of the perianth occurs after pollination is called preanthesis cleistogamy (Philbrick and Vomela, 2006). Another type of ower opening was described by Kwiatkowska et al (2019), where owers open during the day but close at night, making those plants "mixed outcrossing-sel ng".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observed autogamy in Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.)

Akuaku

Kotey²,

Akumah

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…In addition, the large amounts of pollen grains also promote outcrossing, inciting the exchange of pollen, maximizing fertilization (Mitchell 1997). Besides, this weed exhibits nyctinasty, the temporary closure of flowers (Kwiatkowska et al 2019), which in turn can promote selfing through petal movements as occurs in Sanguinaria canadensis L. (Lyon 1992), Hypecoum erectum L. (Yang et al 2019), and Corydalis sheareri S. Moore (Weiping & Sheng-Xiang 1997), also species of Papaveraceae. Thus, the floral movements in chasmogamous flowers can also serve as a strategy that favors the pollen deposition on the stigma (Carrió & Güemes 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, flowers also display strategies that facilitate autogamy in the absence of pollinators named mechanisms of reproductive assurance (Barrett 1998, Godinez-Álvarez et al 2008, Busch & Delph 2012, Bretagnolle & Gaba 2015, Cheptou 2019. For instance, the flower movements (Güemes & Boscaiu 2001), the nyctinasty (the movements of petals at the nighttime closure of flowers) (Kwiatkowska et al 2019), and cleistogamy (where the flowers never open) (Lord 1981, Sauquet 2021) can promote self-fertilization. Nevertheless, if autogamy occurs repeatedly, populations can undergo inbreeding depression (Kephart et al 1999, Goodwillie et al 2005.…”

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confidence: 99%

The mixed mating system of a widespread weed: the case of Argemone ochroleuca Sweet (Papaveraceae)

Rios‐Carrasco

Vázquez‐Santana

2022

Bot. Sci.

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Background: Argemone ochroleuca is a worldwide invasive weed but is also highly valuable for their chemical compounds. Knowledge about its reproduction will help create plans for its control or its propagation. Questions: Does A. ochroleuca has an incompatibility system like other Papaveraceae species? Which are the reproductive strategies that favor the seed formation in A. ochroleuca? Studied species: A. ochroleuca is an annual species with bisexual flowers. Study site and dates: Mexico City, Mexico. The fieldwork was performed from February to May in 2013, 2014, and 2017. Methods: Direct observations were made to describe the flower cycle of A. ochroleuca. We used self-pollinated flowers to analyze if this species is self-incompatible by following the pollen tube growth through gynoecium. Controlled pollinations were made to quantify and compare the number of seeds produced per treatment to know the mating system and explore if the species presents a mechanism of reproductive assurance through autogamy, or exhibits inbreeding depression. Results: A. ochroleuca is self-compatible and exhibits a mixed mating system. Although outcrossing is how more seeds are produced, both autogamy and pseudocleistogamy are present as reproductive assurance mechanisms. Naturally pollinated flowers produce the maximum number of seeds, but inbreeding depression is present in the population. Thus, the number of seeds will be affected by continuous selfing. Conclusions: This study highlights the mixed mating system and reproductive assurance mechanisms as successful strategies for A. ochroleuca, a common pattern in invasive weeds.

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“…The nuclear ITS gene and several cp genomic regions (including trnL-trnF , psbA-trnH , and rpl16 ) have been frequently used in molecular systematics and species authentication of Viola [ 15 , 16 ]. However, the existence of natural hybridization, cleistogamy, and polyploidy in Viola makes it difficult to classify [ 17 , 18 ]. Taxonomy and phylogenetic analyses of Viola based on nuclear gene segments and plastids led to conclusions that were inconsistent with traditional views.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated study of Violae Herba (Viola philippica) and five adulterants by morphology, chemical compositions and chloroplast genomes: insights into its certified plant origin

Qiao

Wang

et al. 2022

Chin Med

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Background Viola philippica Cav. is the only original plant for Violae Herba, as described in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The quality of this crude drug is affected by several adulterants from congeneric Viola species, and the authentic plant origin of Violae Herba is still controversial. Genome-based identification offers abundant genetic information and potential molecular markers that can be used for the authentication of closely related species. This study aims to investigate the certified origin of Violae Herba and to develop more effective markers for these easily confused species at the genetic level. Methods We compared the morphology and chemical composition of 18 batches of commercial samples and six widespread medicinal Viola plants used as Violae Herba or its substitutes by TLC and HPLC-Triple-TOF–MS/MS analyses. The complete chloroplast genomes of these species were sequenced and analyzed, including the general features, repeat sequences, mutational hotspots and phylogeny. The complete chloroplast genomes used as superbarcodes and some specific barcodes screened from mutational hotspots were tested for their ability to distinguish Viola species. Results A comparative study showed that Violae Herba is a multi-origin traditional Chinese medicine. Commercial decoction pieces and the standard reference drug were mainly derived from V. prionantha, clashing with the record in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Chloroplast genome analyses of V. philippica and five adulterants indicated that sequence divergence was relatively low within Viola species. By tree-based approaches, the complete chloroplast genomes showed a better discrimination ability and phylogenetic resolution for each Viola species. These results indicate that the whole chloroplast genomes can be used as superbarcodes to differentiate Viola medicinal plants. More specific DNA barcodes could be further developed from the Viola chloroplast genomes for more efficient and rapid identification of commercial Violae Herba and its adulterants. Conclusions This study has implications for chloroplast genome-based phylogenetic analysis and the authentication of multiple Viola species used as Violae Herba. The legal origin recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia should be further revised to V. prionantha, in line with the commercial Violae Herba in the TCM markets.

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A new pollination system in non-cleistogamous species of Viola results from nyctinastic (night-closing) petal movements – A mixed outcrossing-selfing strategy

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

Observed autogamy in Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.)

Observed autogamy in Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.)

The mixed mating system of a widespread weed: the case of Argemone ochroleuca Sweet (Papaveraceae)

An integrated study of Violae Herba (Viola philippica) and five adulterants by morphology, chemical compositions and chloroplast genomes: insights into its certified plant origin

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