Develop electromagnetic propagation models, that perform equally well over land and sea and in the presence of anomalous propagation conditions for both surface and airborne emitters, for use in operational or engineering propagation assessment systems. OBJECTIVES Develop an advanced unified hybrid radio propagation model based on parabolic equation and rayoptics methods for both surface-based and airborne applications. This model is named the Advanced Propagation Model (APM) and is the model used in the Advanced Refractive Effects Prediction System (AREPS). Other objectives are to develop an earth-to-satellite propagation (with METOC) model, ESPM2, suitable for transition to the Advanced Refractive Effects Prediction System (AREPS) and the Naval Integrated Tactical Environmental Subsystem (NITES)-Next. The specific technical objectives are to modify the APM to model wideband sources for accurate characterization of the propagation channel for RF communications systems; and modify the ESPM2 to assess the impact on communication system performance of channel limitations imposed by propagation through the ionosphere. 1 Report Documentation Page Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number.