A new radiation model for Baltic Sea ecosystem modelling

Neumann, Thomas; Siegel, Herbert; Gerth, Monika

doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2015.08.001

Cited by 27 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The model experiments have been performed using the three‐dimensional ecosystem model ERGOM (http://www.ergom.net) for the Baltic Sea [ Neumann and Schernewski , ]. We use a setup, which has been recently complemented with an improved radiation model [ Neumann et al ., ] and which delivers reasonable results for the Baltic Sea.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the importance of Major Baltic Inflows for oxygenation of the central Baltic Sea

Neumann

Radtke

Seifert

2017

J. Geophys. Res. Oceans

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In December 2014, the third strongest salt water inflow into the Baltic Sea occurred since 1880. It was assumed that the inflow would turn the entire bottom water of the Baltic Sea from anoxic into oxic conditions for an extended period. However, already in late 2015, the central Eastern Baltic Sea had turned back into anoxic conditions. This rapid oxygen decline was in fact surprising since a weaker inflow in 2003 ventilated the Baltic Sea for a longer period of time. With the aid of an ecosystem model of the Baltic Sea, the two inflows in 2003 and 2014 were analyzed in detail. Although the 2014 inflow event was twice as strong as the 2003 inflow event, oxygen transport continued after the latter one, supplying about the same amount of oxygen again. In addition to the major inflow event, a series of smaller inflows in 2003 supplied the extra oxygen transport. Therefore, the strength of a major inflow event alone cannot be used to predict the oxygenation impact. Instead, it is necessary to consider smaller events, in particular those occurring just before and after a major inflow event, as well. An element tagging method showed that the share of oxygen imported across the Danish Straits on the total oxygen arriving at the central Eastern Baltic Sea is between 10% and 20%. Therefore, the oxygen concentration of the inflowing water seems to be of less importance for the oxygenation effect on the central Baltic Sea due to the strong dilution effect.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the importance of Major Baltic Inflows for oxygenation of the central Baltic Sea

Neumann

Radtke

Seifert

2017

J. Geophys. Res. Oceans

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“…fish production models) or provide input to 'End-to-End' models considering food web interactions for all trophic levels including human pressures (Fulton 2010). (Neumann et al 2002(Neumann et al , 2015(Neumann et al , 2017 5 Table 3. Prey preferences of the different zoo-PFTs in the food web models (see Figure 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of summer phytoplankton biomass to changes in top-down forcing: Insights from comparative modelling

Maar

Butenschön

Daewel

et al. 2018

Ecological Modelling

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The present study describes the responses of summer phytoplankton biomass to changes in top-down forcing (expressed as zooplankton mortality) in three ecosystems (the North Sea, the Baltic Sea and the Nordic Seas) across different 3D ecosystem models. In each of the model set-ups, we applied the same changes in the magnitude of mortality (±20%) of the highest trophic zooplankton level (Z1). Model results showed overall dampened responses of phytoplankton relative to Z1 biomass. Phytoplankton responses varied depending on the food web structure and trophic coupling represented in the models.Hence, a priori model assumptions were found to influence cascades and pathways in model estimates and, thus, become highly relevant when examining ecosystem pressures such as fishing and climate change. Especially, the different roles and parameterizations of additional zooplankton groups grazed by Z1, and their importance for the outcome, emphasized the need for better calibration data. Spatial variability was high within each model indicating that physics (hydrodynamics and temperature) and nutrient dynamics also play vital roles for ecosystem responses to top-down effects. In conclusion, the model comparison indicated that changes in top-down forcing in combination with the modelled foodweb structure affect summer phytoplankton biomass and, thereby, indirectly influence water quality of the systems.3

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“…Downward shortwave radiation data in W m −2 were converted to PAR surf (wavelength range: 400–700 nm) by applying a globally measured mean ratio of PAR to global solar radiation of 0.5 (Jacovides et al ) and by converting 1 W m −2 of PAR to 4.57 μ mol photons m −2 s −1 (Morel and Smith ). To quantify PAR attenuation in the water, we included chlorophyll concentration in addition to a background attenuation of clear water to derive the diffusive vertical attenuation coefficient ( k PAR in m −1 ):

k_{PAR} = k_{w} + k_{c} ∙ ([], Chl),

where k w is the constant background attenuation of PAR including the effects of clear water (m −1 ); k c is the specific attenuation due to chlorophyll‐like pigments (m 2 mg −1 Chl) according to Neumann et al (); and [ Chl ] is the chlorophyll a concentration (mg m −3 ), which varies seasonally. Light attenuation due to dissolved organic matter, suspended matter and detritus was neglected in our case, due to missing data.…”

Section: Materials and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where k w is the constant background attenuation of PAR including the effects of clear water (m −1 ); k c is the specific attenuation due to chlorophyll-like pigments (m 2 mg −1 Chl) according to Neumann et al (2015); and [Chl] is the chlorophyll a concentration (mg m −3 ), which varies seasonally. Light attenuation due to dissolved organic matter, suspended matter and detritus was neglected in our case, due to missing data.…”

Section: Photosynthetically Active Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model simulation of seasonal growth of Fucus vesiculosus in its benthic community

Graiff

Karsten

Radtke

et al. 2020

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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Numerical models are a suitable tool to quantify impacts of predicted climate change on complex ecosystems but are rarely used to study effects on benthic macroalgal communities. Fucus vesiculosus L. is a habitat‐forming macroalga in the Baltic Sea and alarming shifts from the perennial Fucus community to annual filamentous algae are reported. We developed a box model able to simulate the seasonal growth of the Baltic Fucus–grazer–epiphyte system. This required the implementation of two state variables for Fucus biomass in units of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Model equations describe relevant physiological and ecological processes, such as storage of C and N assimilates by Fucus, shading effects of epiphytes or grazing by herbivores on both Fucus and epiphytes, but with species‐specific rates and preferences. Parametrizations of the model equations and required initial conditions were based on measured parameters and process rates in the near‐natural Kiel Outdoor Benthocosm (KOB) experiments during the Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification project. To validate the model, we compared simulation results with observations in the KOB experiment that lasted from April 2013 until March 2014 under ambient and climate‐change scenarios, that is, increased atmospheric temperature and partial pressure of carbon dioxide. The model reproduced the magnitude and seasonal cycles of Fucus growth and other processes in the KOBs over 1 yr under different scenarios. Now having established the Fucus model, it will be possible to better highlight the actual threat of climate change to the Fucus community in the shallow nearshore waters of the Baltic Sea.

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A new radiation model for Baltic Sea ecosystem modelling

Cited by 27 publications

References 15 publications

On the importance of Major Baltic Inflows for oxygenation of the central Baltic Sea

On the importance of Major Baltic Inflows for oxygenation of the central Baltic Sea

Responses of summer phytoplankton biomass to changes in top-down forcing: Insights from comparative modelling

Model simulation of seasonal growth of Fucus vesiculosus in its benthic community

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