A new strategy for the green synthesis of chondroitin sulfate-reduced gold nanoparticles; in vitro evaluation of synthesized nanoparticles

Abstract

introduction: The application of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in medicine is expanding as an effective therapeutic and diagnostic compound. Different polysaccharides with high biocompatibility and hydrophilic properties have been used for synthesis and capping of GNPs. Chondroitin sulfate (CHS) as a polysaccharide possesses a wide range of biological functions e.g. anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-coagulation, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-thrombosis with insignificant immunogenicity and has not been used for the green synthesis of GNPs. Methods: GNPs were synthesized using CHS, and their physicochemical properties were evaluated. The antibacterial activity of CHS-GNPs was estimated against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The cytotoxicity of CHS and CHS-GNPs was obtained by MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test, and the electrocatalytic activity of CHS-GNPs was investigated. The blood compatibility was evaluated by the in vitro hemolysis assay. Results: The absorption band at 527 nm reveals the reduction of Au3+ into GNPs. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image displays the spherical shape of GNPs in the range of 5.8–31.4 nm. The CHS and CHS-GNPs at 300 µg/mL revealed a maximum DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity of 73% and 65%, respectively. CHS-GNPs showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, while CHS has no antibacterial activity. CHS-GNPs exhibited a cytotoxicity effect against MDA-MB-468 and βTC3 cancer cell lines, and the electrochemical study indicated a significant increase in electrocatalytic properties of CHS-GNPs coated electrode compared by the bare electrode. The hemolysis test proved the blood compatibility of CHS-GNPs. Conclusion: The results indicate the advantages of using CHS to produce blood-compatible GNPs with antioxidant, cytotoxic, and electrochemical properties.

Preparation and properties of carboxylated styrene‐butadiene rubber/flue gas desulfurization ash composites by in situ carboxylate reaction

“…The characteristic peaks of benzene ring units in XSBR at wavenumbers of 3025 cm À1 and 1600 cm À1 -1450 cm À1 correspond to aromatic symmetric C-H stretching and benzene ring vibrations. 49 The absorption peaks at approximately 2920 cm À1 corresponded to C-H asymmetric aliphatic stretching vibrations, 50,51 and the peaks at 1500 cm À1 and 1450 cm À1 belonged to CH 2 bending. 49 In addition, XSBR shows characteristic peaks at 1730 cm À1 (carboxyl group), 970 cm À1 (1,4 trans butadiene units), 914 cm À1 (1,2 vinyl), 756 cm À1 (1,4 cis), and 700 cm À1 (styrene units).…”

Extended-release of doxorubicin through green surface modification of gold nanoparticles: in vitro and in ovo assessment

“…As shown in Fig. 1 B, the FT-IR spectrum of CHS-GNPs confirmed the wavelength decreasing of the C=O group from 1651 to 1694 cm −1 due to the presence of gold molecules, the carboxylic acid group of CHS has reduced to the ketone [ 48 ].

Fig.

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“…The peak at 1523 cm −1 indicates the bending vibration of the primary amine. The peak at 1072 cm −1 shows the C–O stretching vibration of CS [ 48 , 55 ]. The FT-IR spectrum of DOX-CHS-GNPs-CS (Fig.…”

“…The solution was stirred at 60 °C for 70 min until a deep-red color appeared. After three times centrifuging (8000 rpm, 30 min), the reaction was performed in a stirring aqueous environment at room temperature without the need for UV light, autoclave, microwave, and laser irradiation (CHS-GNPs) [ 34 , 48 ].…”

“…UV–Vis spectroscopy Cary 100 (Varian) is a reliable technique to evaluate the formation, and crystal growth of NPs. [ 48 ]. To this end, the solution of DOX-CHS-GNPs-CS with Dox concentration 20 μg mL −1 was diluted by distilled water in a 2:1 ratio v/v % at pH 7 and prepared using UV–vis spectrophotometry.…”