A New System to Estimate and Reduce Electrical Energy Consumption of Domestic Hot Water in Spain

Gutierrez-Escolar, Alberto; Castillo-Martinez, Ana; Pulido, José Manuel Gómez; Gutierrez-Martinez, Jose-Maria; Stapić, Zlatko

doi:10.3390/en7116837

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This indicator was 0.85 ± 0.005 dm 3 /m 2 /day and 27.4 ± 1.4 dm 3 /person/day and similar to one obtained in Spain (25.7 dm 3 /m 2 /day) [16].…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

“…This analysis assumed that the consumption of gas for heating DHW during the summer period would be similar to that throughout the year. This is a simplifying assumption, because the seasonality of domestic hot water consumption has not been tested, but it was also noted in [16,32].…”

Section: Determining the Amount Of Gas And Total Energy Required For Domestic Hot Water Purposesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, in a report regarding Swedish consumption, Bagge and Johansson [13] determined the DHW consumption rate per area as 0.88-1.1 dm 3 /m 2 /day, and in China, there are values regarding daily consumption per apartment of 20-80 dm 3 /apartment/day [14]. In Latin America, research showed the value of DHW consumption as 78.5-102.9 dm 3 /person/day based on the number of people living in the apartment [15], while in Spain, this was 25.7 dm 3 /person/day [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Domestic hot water consumption is affected, especially in residential buildings, by: technological solutions and distribution system [7,15], ability to control users [15], location (climate) [7][8][9], socio-economic factors (including building equipment) [7,38] and quantity and times of water intake [38]. User behavior can also be of importance [15,16,32,38]. Users' behavior in the case of DHW analysis is often defined as: time spent at home and at work [15,32], duration of sleep [32], usage of different household appliances [15].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Real Domestic Hot Water Consumption in Residential Buildings and Its Impact on Buildings’ Energy Performance—Case Study in Poland

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A building’s energy consumption is assessed considering the energy required for heating, cooling, lighting, and domestic hot water (DHW). Methodologies used to calculate energy certificates in European Union countries consider hot water consumption rates per person or per heated (floor) area, giving wide-ranging values (35–88 dm3/person/day). Using extreme parameters, it is possible to obtain a primary energy index that meets the legal requirements, although unrealistically large proportions of domestic hot water use relative to the total energy balance of the building may marginalize the influence of other components, such as fluctuations in heating, ventilation, or lighting. In the current work, the DHW consumption of three residential buildings was measured to verify the energy consumption for hot water preparation. Investigations were conducted based on the consumption of natural gas for DHW preparation. Experimentally obtained water consumption rates were determined per m2 of a dwelling and per person living in the building. The calculated indicators (0.85 ± 0.005 dm3/m2/day and 27.4 ± 1.4 dm3/person/day) were lower than those used for energy certifications of buildings. The experimentally obtained indicators were used in further theoretical energy assessments of six residential buildings. By adopting the designated indicators, the analyzed buildings met the legally required primary energy value (<70 kWh/m2/year) when using natural gas as a heat source. Applying more realistic DHW consumption values resulted in more accurate energy certifications.

show abstract

“…This indicator was 0.85 ± 0.005 dm 3 /m 2 /day and 27.4 ± 1.4 dm 3 /person/day and similar to one obtained in Spain (25.7 dm 3 /m 2 /day) [16].…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Determining the Amount Of Gas And Total Energy Required For Domestic Hot Water Purposesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Real Domestic Hot Water Consumption in Residential Buildings and Its Impact on Buildings’ Energy Performance—Case Study in Poland

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The data reveal the costs involved in order to improve the water cycle towards a more sustainable path. The analysis includes domestic hot water [32][33][34] and water boosters for high-rise buildings [35,36] in the end-use phase. In order to reflect the complex water supply system that alters water sources depending on their availability, four extraction scenarios are designed based on precipitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifting Scarcities? The Energy Intensity of Water Supply Alternatives in the Mass Tourist Resort of Benidorm, Spain

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The energy intensity of water-'energy (electricity)-for-water'-is calculated for Benidorm, a mass tourism resort in the Spanish Mediterranean coast, where the urban water cycle has evolved in response to a series of episodes of water stress. The analysis is based on primary data compiled from various actors involved in the urban water cycle encompassing water extraction, end uses, and wastewater treatment, including tertiary treatment. The results provide one of the first analyses of the relations between energy and water in a mass tourist center, which may be of potential interest for other tourist areas. It is estimated that a total of 109 GWh/year of electricity is required to operate the water cycle of Benidorm. About 4% of total energy use in Benidorm is dedicated to extracting, transporting, and treating water. The most energy-intensive stage is represented by end uses, which accounts for 20% of the total energy use in Benidorm when the energy required for water pumping and hot water use is considered. Additionally, energy intensity for water extraction was estimated for normal, wet, and two dry year scenarios. In comparison with the normal scenario, energy intensity is six times larger when desalinated water is incorporated during a dry year, whereas the emergency interbasin water transfer resulted in a more moderate increase in energy intensity. While treated wastewater and emergency water transfers appear to be a more convenient solution in energy terms, the strong impulse given to desalination in Spain is forcing local water authorities towards the use of a resource that is much more energy intensive, although, on the other hand, much less dependent on the vagaries of climate. In light of recent technological and managerial developments, the Benidorm case illuminates the challenges appearing in the analysis of the water-energy nexus, especially the fact that scarcity may be transferred from water to energy.

show abstract

Selecting the model and influencing variables for DHW heat use prediction in hotels in Norway

Ivanko

Sørensen

Nord

2020

Energy and Buildings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A New System to Estimate and Reduce Electrical Energy Consumption of Domestic Hot Water in Spain

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Real Domestic Hot Water Consumption in Residential Buildings and Its Impact on Buildings’ Energy Performance—Case Study in Poland

Real Domestic Hot Water Consumption in Residential Buildings and Its Impact on Buildings’ Energy Performance—Case Study in Poland

Shifting Scarcities? The Energy Intensity of Water Supply Alternatives in the Mass Tourist Resort of Benidorm, Spain

Selecting the model and influencing variables for DHW heat use prediction in hotels in Norway

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About