A new thermodynamic representation of binary electrolyte solutions nonideality in the whole range of concentrations

Abstract

and the variation with S of the volume of revolution V = 116'2 and surface area of revolution A = ac are given by A system of equations based on the ionic atmosphere theory of Debye and Huckel, Born model contribution, and local compositions of the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) model is developed to represent isothermal activity coefficients, in the whole range of concentrations, for solutions in an undissociated solvent of a partially or completely dissociated electrolyte. The physical constants and the four adjustable parameters necessary to represent the osmotic coefficient, for fifteen strong aqueous electrolytic SOlutions, are given at 298.15OK and atmospheric pressure. Vapor-liquid equilibrium, for the hydrochloric acid-water system at 298.15OK, is represented for acid compositions ranging from infinite dilution to 18 M using a known dissociation constant and six parameters. SCOPE

Measurement and correlation of ion activity in aqueous single electrolyte solutions

“…As shown in Figures 3 to 5 the activity coefficients of the cation and the anion are different from each other. These results are in agreement with the study of Bates et al (1970) and Cruz and Renon (1978) and show the shortcomings of models that consider the activity coefficients of the cation and the anion to be equal to each other at each molality. Figures 3 to 5 also show that the curves of the activity coefficients of the cation and the anion vs. ln(rn) pass through a minimum.…”

“…Many parametric models have been developed to correlate the mean ionic activity coefficients of electrolytes (Cruz and Renon, 1978;Haghtalab and Vera, 19881, but few give expressions to calculate the activity coefficients of the ions in solutions. In this work we propose a two-parameter correlation based on Pitzer's model (Pitzer, 1980) for the activity coefficients of the individual ions.…”

Application of integral‐equation theory to aqueous two‐phase partitioning systems

“…For liquid solutions at normal temperatures and pressures, phase equilibria can be described by an appropriate activitycoefficient model. Useful activity-coefficient models for multicomponent aqueous mixtures of strong electrolytes having ions of similar size include those of Guggenheim and Turgeon (1955), Newman (1973), Haynes et al (1989b), Bromley (1974), Cruz and Renon (1978), Chen et al (1982), Chen and Evans (1986), Haghtalab and Vera (1988) and, most notably, Pitzer (1973. All of these models are based on the DebyeHuckel theory; therefore, they use a single ion-size (distanceof-closest-approach) parameter to describe all ion-ion interactions in solution.…”

Thermodynamics of high‐pressure aqueous systems containing gases and salts

“…For many of these systems, phase equilibria can be adequately described using an ~ctivity-coefficient model for the liquid phase and a separate model (often an ideal gas) for the vapor phase. Useful activity-coefficient models for strong electrolytes include those of Meissner and Tester (1972;Meissner, 1980), Bromley (1973), Pitzer (1973;1979;1987) Cruz and Renon (1978), Chen et al (1982;Chen and Evans, 1986) and Haghtalab and Vera (1988); a review is given by Zemaitis et al (1986).…”