A new tool for laboratory studies on volatilization: Extension of applicability of the photovolatility chamber

Wolters, André; Kromer, Thomas; Linnemann, Volker; Schäffer, Andreas; Vereecken, Harry

doi:10.1002/etc.5620220417

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…During the following days volatilization rates decreased and finally reached extremely low constant daily rates. These results correspond to the volatilization kinetics observed in an interlaboratory comparison of volatilization assessment methods and were also measured in a laboratory study under moist conditions using the same soil (Walter, 1998; Wolters et al, 2003). However, the environmental conditions fail to explain the observed volatilization kinetics; for example, a clear correlation between volatilization rates and soil moisture was not measured (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Pesticide Volatilization from Soil

Wolters¹,

Linnemann²,

Herbst³

et al. 2003

J of Env Quality

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A comparison was drawn between model predictions and experimentally determined volatilization rates to evaluate the volatilization approaches of European registration models. Volatilization rates of pesticides (14C-labeled parathion-methyl, fenpropimorph, and terbuthylazine and nonlabeled chlorpyrifos) were determined in a wind-tunnel experiment after simultaneous soil surface application on Gleyic Cambisol. Both continuous air sampling, which quantifies volatile losses of 14C-organic compounds and 14CO2 separately, and the detection of soil residues allow for a mass balance of radioactivity of the 14C-labeled pesticides. Recoveries were found to be > 94% of the applied radioactivity. The following descending order of cumulative volatilization was observed: chlorpyrifos > parathion-methyl > terbuthylazine > fenpropimorph. Due to its high air-water partitioning coefficient, nonlabeled chlorpyrifos was found to have the highest cumulative volatilization (44.4%) over the course of the experiment. Volatilization flux rates were measured up to 993 microg m(-2) h(-1) during the first hours after application. Parameterization of the Pesticide Emission Assessment at Regional and Local Scales (PEARL) model and the Pesticide Leaching Model (PELMO) was performed to mirror the experimental boundary conditions. In general, model predictions deviated markedly from measured volatilization rates and showed limitations of current volatilization models, such as the uppermost compartment thickness, making an enormous influence on predicted volatilization losses. Experimental findings revealed soil moisture to be an important factor influencing volatilization from soil, yet its influence was not reflected by the model calculations. Future versions of PEARL and PELMO ought to include improved descriptions of aerodynamic resistances and soil moisture dependent soil-air partitioning coefficients.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Pesticide Volatilization from Soil

Wolters¹,

Linnemann²,

Herbst³

et al. 2003

J of Env Quality

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“…A large number of studies have shown that sorption in air-dry soils does not only occur in soil organic matter but also on mineral surfaces (e.g., refs 3-10). The strong moisture effect that has been found in field studies and wind-tunnel experiments on the volatilization of pesticides (1,(11)(12)(13)(14) has been attributed to the effect of water on adsorption to mineral surfaces as early as 1969 (15). It is therefore remarkable to find that, to date, approaches for modeling sorption of organic compounds in soils have completely ignored the sorption capacity of mineral surfaces and have concentrated on sorption to soil organic matter only.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of Organic Vapors to Air-Dry Soils: Model Predictions and Experimental Validation

Goss

Buschmann

Schwarzenbach

2004

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Soil/air equilibrium partitioning has an important impact on the environmental distribution and fate of many organic chemicals. Modeling approaches that cover this process commonly assume that sorption in soil only occurs in soil organic matter. However, many researchers have already shown thatthis is not even correctfor nonpolar compounds in air-dry soils. Here, we extend the existing data set on sorption in air-dry soils by using a large and very diverse set of organic compounds covering many different functional groups for two standard soils and for relative humidity between 50 and 90%. The experimental data presented here as well as those from the literature are then used to examine two different modeling approaches: one that only considers absorption in soil organic matter and one that also considers adsorption to mineral surfaces. The results clearly show that sorption in air-dry soil cannot be explained when adsorption to mineral surfaces is ignored. Only the model that considers both sorbing phases, organic matter and mineral surfaces, gives good agreement for all experimental data. Our model for predicting adsorption to mineral surfaces does not require any further fitting with experimental data; thus, it can readily be incorporated into existing fate models in order to improve the description of the soil/air partition process.

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“…The overall aim of this study was the quantification of the effect of direct and indirect photodegradation on surface-located antibiotics after application to soil dust and glass surfaces under laboratory conditions. A well-established experimental facility developed for the simultaneous measurement of photodegradation and volatilization of xenobiotics was used to allow for defined and reproducible conditions ( , ). Sulfadiazine, a sulfonamide widely used as a veterinary antibiotic within the European Union (), was chosen for the studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodegradation of Antibiotics on Soil Surfaces: Laboratory Studies on Sulfadiazine in an Ozone-Controlled Environment

Wolters

Steffens

2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Among the processes affecting transport and degradation of antibiotics released to the environment during application of manure and slurry to agricultural land, photochemical transformations are of particular interest. Drying-out of the top soil layer under field conditions enables sorption of surface-applied antibiotics to soil dust, thus facilitating direct, indirect, and sensitized photodegradation at the soil/atmosphere interface. For studying various photochemical transformation processes of sulfadiazine, a photovolatility chamber designed in accordance with the requirements of the USEPA Guideline and 161-3 was used. Application of 14C-labeled sulfadiazine enabled complete mass balances and allowed for investigating the impact of various surfaces (glass and soil dust) and environmental factors, i.e., irradiation and atmospheric ozone, on photodegradation and volatilization. Volatilization was shown to be a negligible process. Even after increasing the air temperature up to 35 degrees C only minor amounts of sulfadiazine and transformation products (0.01-0.28% of applied radioactivity) volatilized. Due to direct and indirect photodegradation, the highest extent of mineralization to 14CO2 (3.9%), the formation of degradation products and of nonextractable soil residues was measured in irradiated soil dust experiments using ozone concentrations of 200 ppb. However, even in the dark significant mineralization was observed when ozone was present, indicating ozone-controlled transformation of sulfadiazine to occur at the soil surface.

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A new tool for laboratory studies on volatilization: Extension of applicability of the photovolatility chamber

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Pesticide Volatilization from Soil

Pesticide Volatilization from Soil

Adsorption of Organic Vapors to Air-Dry Soils: Model Predictions and Experimental Validation

Photodegradation of Antibiotics on Soil Surfaces: Laboratory Studies on Sulfadiazine in an Ozone-Controlled Environment

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