A New Trap and Lure for Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

ABSTRACTA rich history of investigation documents variousDrosophila-yeast mutualisms, suggesting thatDrosophila suzukiisimilarly has an association with a specific yeast species or community. To discover candidate yeast species, yeasts were isolated from larval frass, adult midguts, and fruit hosts ofD. suzukii. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) technology and decimal dilution plating were used to identify and determine the relative abundance of yeast species present in fruit juice samples that were either infested withD. suzukiior not infested. Yeasts were less abundant in uninfested than infested samples. A total of 126 independent yeast isolates were cultivated from frass, midguts, and fruit hosts ofD. suzukii, representing 28 species of yeasts, withHanseniaspora uvarumpredominating. This suggests an association betweenD. suzukiiandH. uvarumthat could be utilized for pest management of the highly pestiferousD. suzukii.

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“…(5). For more than 70 years, banana mash fermented by baker's yeast has been used to attract Drosophila spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Yeasts with Spotted-Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii; Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Cherries and Raspberries

Hamby

Hernández

Boundy‐Mills

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

191

172

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“…For effective fly trapping, several factors such as the concentration, blending ratio, release rate of attractants, and trap device shape (5,38) should be optimized. Additionally, the raw materials and bacterial strains used for vinegar fermentation are important to enhance attractiveness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Trapping of Fruit Flies with Cultures of Metabolically Modified Acetic Acid Bacteria

Ishii

Akasaka²,

Goda

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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c Acetoin in vinegar is an attractant to fruit flies when combined with acetic acid. To make vinegar more effective in attracting fruit flies with increased acetoin production, Komagataeibacter europaeus KGMA0119 was modified by specific gene disruption of the acetohydroxyacid isomeroreductase gene (ilvC). A previously constructed mutant lacking the putative ligand-sensing region in the leucine-responsive regulatory protein (KeLrp, encoded by Kelrp) was also used. The ilvC and Kelrp disruptants (KGMA5511 and KGMA7203, respectively) produced greater amounts of acetoin (KGMA5511, 0.11%; KGMA7203, 0.13%) than the wild-type strain KGMA0119 (0.069%). KGMA7203 produced a trace amount of isobutyric acid (0.007%), but the other strains did not. These strains produced approximately equal amounts of acetic acid (0.7%). The efficiency of fruit fly attraction was investigated with cultured Drosophila melanogaster. D. melanogaster flies (approximately 1,500) were released inside a cage (2.5 m by 2.5 m by 1.5 m) and were trapped with a device containing vinegar and a sticky sheet. The flies trapped on the sticky sheet were counted. The cell-free supernatant from KGMA7203 culture captured significantly more flies (19.36 to 36.96% of released flies) than did KGMA0119 (3.25 to 11.40%) and KGMA5511 (6.87 to 21.50%) cultures. Contrastingly, a 0.7% acetic acid solution containing acetoin (0.13%) and isobutyric acid (0.007%), which mimicked the KGMA7203 supernatant, captured significantly fewer flies (0.88 to 4.57%). Furthermore, the KGMA0119 supernatant with additional acetoin (0.13%) and isobutyric acid (0.007%) captured slightly more flies than the original KGMA0119 supernatant but fewer than the KGMA7203 supernatant, suggesting that the synergistic effects of acetic acid, acetoin, isobutyric acid, and unidentified metabolites achieved the efficient fly trapping of the KGMA7203 supernatant. B acterial cultures can function as attractants for insects (1).Fruit flies, such as Drosophila melanogaster, are recognized as an index for unsanitary conditions in urban areas because the flies infest damaged and overripe fruits and rotten foods. One of the important challenges is to keep the numbers of flies low, particularly in the food industries. A closely related species, the spottedwing drosophila (SWD) (Drosophila suzukii), which is native to southeastern Asia, is a newly emerging invasive pest for softskinned fruits such as blueberries, strawberries, and peaches in North America and Europe (2-4). Because the SWD breaks the skin of maturing healthy fruits using a serrated ovipositor to oviposit, unlike other Drosophila species, the fly causes significant damage to soft-skinned fruits (2). The damage caused by the SWD promotes microbial decay in the fruits, which results in a secondary infestation of other Drosophila species. The damaged fruits are likely to be rejected at the processing plant or export terminal (5). Although fruits are protected with sprays of chemical insecticides once the SWD is detected, growers risk the rejection ...

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“…The almond moth, Cadra cautella Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a stored food products pest with larvae developing on cereal grains and flour, beans and other dried seeds and fruits ( Sedlacek et al 1995 ). Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is a common insect associated with fruits and vegetables ( Mallis 1954 , Birmingham et al 2011 ). The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is considered one of the major pests of stored maize ( Erenso and Berhe 2016 , Nwosu 2018 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Traps in Shipping Containers: A New Tool for the Early Detection of Insect Alien Species

Marchioro

Battisti

Faccoli

2020

Journal of Economic Entomology

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Insects are one of the most successful groups of invasive species, and the number of new introductions has been increasing in the last decades. Insect invasions are affected mainly by the increase in international trade, as most of them travel across the world inside shipping containers. The effectiveness of sticky light traps was tested for the interception of alien pests inside the containers. The tested hypotheses were that light traps have a valuable broad-spectrum attraction and their trapping performance differs between empty or loaded containers. The optimal trap density in a container was also investigated. Trapping tests were conducted on four model species: Cadra cautella Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae), Sitophilus zeamais, Motschulsky and Ips typographus L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Insects were released within a standard shipping container, in either empty or loaded conditions, where sticky light traps were deployed for 15 h. Traps were tested with light on (activated) or off (control). Activated traps captured more Lepidoptera and Diptera than control ones, with no differences between empty and loaded container. Instead, Coleoptera were rarely caught, probably because of their ability to escape from traps. Results show that higher trap density in the container (from 1 to 8) increases the probability of insect capture. In conclusion, positive results on C. cautella and D. melanogaster suggest a possible application of sticky light traps against some small Lepidoptera and Diptera species flying in containers and infesting seeds, grains, and fruits, while traps need improvement for application against beetles.

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A New Trap and Lure for Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Associations of Yeasts with Spotted-Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii; Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Cherries and Raspberries

Associations of Yeasts with Spotted-Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii; Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Cherries and Raspberries

Effective Trapping of Fruit Flies with Cultures of Metabolically Modified Acetic Acid Bacteria

Light Traps in Shipping Containers: A New Tool for the Early Detection of Insect Alien Species

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