A New Wave in Electrosurgery : A Review of Existing and Introduction to New Radio-Frequency and Microwave Therapeutic Systems

Hancock, Chris; Burn, Patrick; Duff, Christopher I.; Sloan, R.; White, M. G.; Bishop, J.; Goodman, Andrew M.; Booton, M.; Chaudhry, M.S.; Morris, Steve; Dharmasiri, Nuwan; Saunders, Brian P.; Sibbons, Paul; Gulliford, Craig; Wall, Patrick M.; Tsiamoulos, Zacharias P.

doi:10.1109/mmm.2014.2377571

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This will also result in performing ablation in a shorter time. The applied MicroBlate system in this study has a solid-state microwave source with maximum output of 50 W, a coaxial antenna with a ceramic sheath, and a low power mode (10 mW) for measuring the complex impedance of the tissue [ 63 ]. A new multi-functional antenna design capable of working at this frequency has been introduced [ 64 ].…”

Section: Technical Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The depth of electric penetration in the tissue is the depth that the electric field reaches to 1e times that of at antenna and is defined by:

where

is the electric field penetration depth,

and

are absolute permittivity and absolute permeability of the tissue respectively,

is the frequency of the microwave radiation, and

is the conductivity of the tissue. For example, according to this formula, the electric penetration depth in colon at 2.45 GHz and 14.5 GHz are 19.3 mm and 1.83 mm respectively [ 63 ].…”

Section: Technical Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Percutaneous microwave ablation applications for liver tumors: recommendations for COVID-19 patients

Afaghi

Lapolla

Ghandi

2021

Heliyon

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Microwave ablation (MWA) is an alternative locoregional therapy to surgical resection of solid tumors in the treatment of malignancies, and is widely used for hepatic tumors. It has a slightly higher overall survival (OS) rate compared to external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), and proton beam therapy (PBT), and better long-term recurrence-free OS rate compared to radiofrequency ablation (RFA). In this paper, current commercial devices, most recent noncommercial designs, and the principles behind them alongside the recently reported developments and issues of MWA are reviewed. The paper also provides microscopic insights on effects of microwave irradiation in the body. Our review shows that MWA is a safe and effective, minimally invasive method with high ablation completion rates. However, for large tumors, the completion rates slightly decrease, and recurrences increase. Thus, for large tumors we suggest using a cooled shaft antenna or multiple antenna placements. Comparisons of the two common ablation frequencies 915 MHz and 2.45 GHz have shown inconsistent results due to non-identical conditions. This review suggests that 915 MHz devices are more effective for ablating large tumors and the theory behind MWA effects corroborates this proposition. However, for small tumors or tumors adjacent to vital organs, 2.45 GHz is suggested due to its more localized ablation zone. Among the antenna designs, the double-slot antenna with a metallic choke seems to be more effective by localizing the radiation around the tip of the antenna, while also preventing backward radiation towards the skin. The review also pertains to the use of MWA in COVID-19 patients and risk factors associated with the disease. MWA should be considered for COVID-19 patients with hepatic tumors as a fast treatment with a short recovery time. As liver injury is also a risk due to COVID-19, it is recommended to apply liver function tests to monitor abnormal levels in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin, and other liver function indicators.

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Section: Technical Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The depth of electric penetration in the tissue is the depth that the electric field reaches to 1e times that of at antenna and is defined by:

where

is the electric field penetration depth,

and

are absolute permittivity and absolute permeability of the tissue respectively,

is the frequency of the microwave radiation, and

is the conductivity of the tissue. For example, according to this formula, the electric penetration depth in colon at 2.45 GHz and 14.5 GHz are 19.3 mm and 1.83 mm respectively [ 63 ].…”

Section: Technical Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Percutaneous microwave ablation applications for liver tumors: recommendations for COVID-19 patients

Afaghi

Lapolla

Ghandi

2021

Heliyon

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“…In a preclinical study, efficacy of a resonant planar structure integrated to a electrosurgical device has been investigated for endoscopic procedures. 77 The device uses RF energy to cut and MW energy to coagulate and injects fluids to raise the lesion from the wall of the body lumen. The MW coagulator is a half wavelength microstrip line resonating at 5.8 GHz with dimensions of 2 and 8.66 mm for width and length, respectively.…”

Section: Mw Ablation Applicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antenna Designs for Microwave Tissue Ablation

Fallahi

Prakash

2018

Crit Rev Biomed Eng

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Microwave (MW) ablation has emerged as a minimally invasive therapeutic modality and is in clinical use for treatment of unresectable tumors and cardiac arrhythmias, neuromodulation, endometrial ablation, and other applications. Components of image-guided MW ablation systems include high-power MW sources, ablation applicators that deliver power from the generator to the target tissue, cooling systems, energy-delivery control algorithms, and imaging guidance systems tailored to specific clinical indications. The applicator incorporates a MW antenna that radiates MW power into the surrounding tissue. A variety of antenna designs have been developed for MW ablation with the objective of efficiently transferring MW power to tissue, with a radiation pattern well matched to the size and shape of the targeted tissue. Here, we survey advances in percutaneous, endocavitary, and endoscopic antenna designs as an integral element of MW ablation applicators for a diverse set of clinical applications.

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“…Microwave usage in therapeutic medicine has increased a lot over the past decade [7] and has been shown to be effective in the treatment of cancers, benign prostate hyperplasia, and endometrial ablation amongst other medical inteventions [8]. Studies have also shown that microwave energy can provide more controlled continuous energy delivery, and therefore much higher temperatures can be achieved, much larger bleeding sites can be coagulated [9].…”

Section: Clinical Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new hemostatic device utilizing a novel transmission structure for delivery of adrenaline and microwave energy at 5.8 GHz

Preston

White

Saunders

et al. 2017

Int. J. Microw. Wireless Technol.

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A novel transmission line structure has been developed to facilitate the delivery of both adrenaline and microwave energy to achieve hemostasis. A proximal end impedance transformer and radiative tip have been designed and manufactured to provide good match between the novel hollow transmission line and the microwave source and tissue, respectively. Further consideration of the challenges and problems encountered along with evidence of successful microwave energy delivery at 5.8 GHz into porcine liver model providing a controlled and focused coagulation zone of approximately 5 mm.

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A New Wave in Electrosurgery : A Review of Existing and Introduction to New Radio-Frequency and Microwave Therapeutic Systems

Cited by 19 publications

References 44 publications

Percutaneous microwave ablation applications for liver tumors: recommendations for COVID-19 patients

Percutaneous microwave ablation applications for liver tumors: recommendations for COVID-19 patients

Antenna Designs for Microwave Tissue Ablation

A new hemostatic device utilizing a novel transmission structure for delivery of adrenaline and microwave energy at 5.8 GHz

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