A Noble Conductivity Studies and Characterizations of PVA-Orthophosphoric-Filter Paper Electrolytes

Abstract

The nobility of solid polymer electrolyte (SPEs) has made them a subject of interest, especially in the arena of science and technology, and most importantly as they are used as separators in industries and by researchers for the assembly of some "few battery types" and supercapacitors. This paper, highlights the nobility of the hybrid solid polymer electrolyte (HSPE), particularly at room temperature such that, it can be used as an electrolyte as well as a separator in supercapacitor fabrication. The hybrid SPEs were produced from the composition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4), where the PVA samples were kept constant while the phosphoric acid concentration was varied at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 wt. %. XRD results show that, the crystallinity decreases as the acid concentration increases and consequently, there is an enhancement in the amorphicity of the samples responsible for the process of ion transport. This characteristic behavior was confirmed by the analysis of the differential scanning calorimetry results. FESEM result pictured the entangling nature of the combined samples. High conductivity of 1.67 x 10-3. Scm-1 was recorded for the HSPE at the composition of 70:30 wt. %. It was also noticed that, the bulk modulus, R b of the HSPE (5.73 Ω) at the aforementioned composition decreases with the increase in concentration. Keywords: hybrid solid polymer electrolyte (HSPE), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Analysis Polymer Electrolytes (SSPE):-In SSPE, solvents, both aqueous and non-aqueous swells the host polymer live PVA. So, the dopant ionic solutes such as H 3 PO 4 is hosted in the swollen lattice thereby permitting the motion of ions in the solvent swollen region of the polymer host. Their conductivity depends on the concentration of the solvent in the region that is being swollen (Ulaganathan et al., 2012). And lastly (iii) the Solvent Free Polymer Electrolytes (SFPE): These are polymer salt complex, which is formed by complexes between salts of alkali metals and polymer containing solvating hetroatoms, example; O, S and N (Ulaganathan et al., 2012). The complexation between poly ethylene oxide (PEO) and alkali metal salts is a good example of SFPE. SFPE are sub-classified into three also. They are; (a) Solid Polymer Electrolytes (SPEs), (b) Gel Polymer Electrolytes (GPEs), and (c) Composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) (Kuo et al., 2013; Tripath et al., 2012). GPEs can be simply regarded as plasticizers incorporated polymer-salt complex (Ulaganathan et al., 2012). They are therefore consisted of a liquid electrolytes immobilized in a polymer matrix (Hashmi, 2013a) and exhibits high ionic conductivity (10 −3 to 10 −4 Scm −1 at ambient temperature) and can be obtained by either loading of a liquid electrolyte in a microporous matrix or by increasing the viscosity of a liquid electrolyte through the addition of a soluble polymer until gel consistency www.ccsenet.org/...

Effect of Activation Environment on Coconut-Husk-Derived Porous Activated Carbon for Renewable Energy Storage Applications

“…In gel-based electrolytes, poly­(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based gel electrolytes attracted more interest due to the excellent chemical stability, low cost, non-toxicity, easy processing, and biodegradability of PVA. , Hence, the electrochemical performance of the symmetric supercapacitor system AC//AC was further evaluated in the PVA-H 3 PO 4 gel electrolyte. The PVA-H 3 PO 4 gel electrolyte was developed according to the reports. , The suitable operating potential window in the 3 M H 3 PO 4 aqueous electrolyte could be extended to 2 V in the gel polymer electrolyte. The gel polymer electrolyte provides mechanical stability and also prevents the chance of physical contact between the electrodes …”

“…The PVA-H 3 PO 4 gel electrolyte was developed according to the reports. 59,60 The suitable operating potential window in the 3 M H 3 PO 4 aqueous electrolyte could be extended to 2 V in the gel polymer electrolyte. The gel polymer electrolyte provides mechanical stability and also prevents the chance of physical contact between the electrodes.…”

STUDI ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY DARI LEMBARAN POLYVINYL ALCOHOL DENGAN PENAMBAHAN LiClO4 SEBAGAI BAHAN ELEKTOLIT BATERAI Li-ION

“…Sistem polimer elektrolit bisa terjadi karena beda potential dimana penerapan bahan ini ada dalam berbagai macam perangkat elektrokimia seperti baterai energi tinggi, sel bahan bakar, sensor, dan perangkat elektronik [8][9][10]. Secara umum, ada tiga jenis polimer elektrolit, yaitu : polimer elektrolit padat (SPE), polimer elektrolit gel (GPE) dan polimer elektrolit komposit [11,12].…”

“…Teknik EIS yang dikombinasikan dengan karakterisasi difraksi sinar-X (XRD) telah digunakan untuk mempelajari bahan komponen bateri karena dapat mengungkapkan hubungan antara kisi kristal dengan sifat elektrokimia [14]. Pemanfaatan EIS untuk mempelajari konduktifitas Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) dengan aditif asam fosfat (H 3 PO 4 ) untuk aplikasi superkapasitor juga telah dilaporkan [11]…”

A study of 3D printed active carbon electrode for the manufacture of electric double-layer capacitors

“…As shown in Table 1, with an optimum density 2.68 g cm -3 laydown percentage of H2SO4/PVA gel electrolyte with 2 mm thickness of AC slurry, the capacity value was higher measured by a CV curve. With an approximate 73% increase of gel electrolyte laydown, the AC slurry discharging time was 0.3 s. Sa'adu et al have enhanced the quality of the polymer electrolyte and reduced the thickness of the electrode to increase the capacitance [20]. The energy density and power density are calculated based from the GCD curves by the Eq.…”