A nondestructive leaf-disk assay for rapid diagnosis of weed resistance to multiple herbicides

Wu, Changgong; Varanasi, Vijaya; Perez‐Jones, Alejandro

doi:10.1017/wsc.2021.15

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Sauer (water hemp), Bassia scoparia L. (kochia), and Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. goosegrass (Wu et al, 2021). This leaf flotation bioassay's benefits allow for the detection of herbicide resistance in numerous plants without destroying any plant parts or restricting their ability to reproduce.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination of ACCase-inhibiting herbicides-resistant Digitaria ciliaris populations with three diagnostic bioassays

Basak¹,

Bi²,

Gonçalves³

et al. 2023

Advances in Weed Science

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Background: Diagnostic bioassays are used to screen the suspected R population. They are conducted at a single herbicide dose and evaluated at a specific time after treatment that can differentiate resistant from susceptible population. Objective: Three different bioassays were evaluated to assess the detection of acetyl CoA carboxylase-inhibiting herbicides resistance in D. ciliaris. Method: Increasing herbicide rates were used to evaluate the three bioassays for differentiating R from S populations. Results: R1 and R2 differed from S in all employed bioassays. In the Agar-based gel box box assay, the S biotype had greater plant damage at the lower herbicide concentration relative to the R biotypes 3 DAT but differences between R and S decreased over time. In the leaf flotation assay, R biotypes floated at the lower concentration on the surface, whereas the leaves of S biotypes failed to float. For the electrical conductivity assay, the S biotype contained high electrical conductivity due to the high leaching of electrolyte into the water across all four herbicides tested than the R biotypes. Conclusion: While these assays were able to separate R and S biotypes, the level of resistance difference for any assay was no greater than 40% depending on rating data and exposure dose. While a statistical separation could be achieved using a rate response regression analysis for these bioassays, our data highlights the challenges associated whether these methods could provide an obvious difference at any single rate or rating data to be used as a consistent, effective first-phase resistance screen.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination of ACCase-inhibiting herbicides-resistant Digitaria ciliaris populations with three diagnostic bioassays

Basak¹,

Bi²,

Gonçalves³

et al. 2023

Advances in Weed Science

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“…A nontreated leaf disk was included as well. These concentrations were selected based on similar previously conducted research (Jones et al 2023b; Wu et al 2021). Treatments were arranged as a randomized complete block design with three replications (each replication was a plant), and the experiment was conducted twice.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination between protoporphyrinogen oxidase–inhibiting herbicide-resistant and herbicide-susceptible redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) with spectral reflectance

et al. 2023

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The current assays to confirm herbicide resistance can be time and labor intensive (dose-response) or require a technical equipment/skillset (genetic sequencing). Stakeholders could benefit from rapid assay to confirm herbicide-resistant weeds to ensure sustainable crop production. Since protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides rapidly interfere with chlorophyll production/integrity; we propose a new, rapid assay utilizing spectral reflectance to confirm resistance. Leaf discs were excised from two PPO-inhibiting herbicide-resistant (target site and non-target site) and –susceptible redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) populations and placed into a 24-well plate containing different concentrations (0-10 mM) of fomesafen for 48 hours. A multispectral sensor captured images from the red (668 nm), green (560 nm), blue (475 nm), and red edge (717 nm) wavebands after a 48-hour incubation period. The green leaf index (GLI) was utilized to determine spectral reflectance ratios of the treated leaf discs. Clear differences of spectral reflectance were observed in the red edge waveband for all populations treated with the 10 mM concentration in the dose-response assays. Differences of spectral reflectance were observed for non-target site-resistant population compared to the target site-resistant and –susceptible population treated with the 10 mM concentration in green waveband and the green leaf index in the dose-response assay. Leaf discs from the aforementioned A. retroflexus populations and two additional susceptible populations were subjected to a similar assay with the discriminating concentration (10 mM). Spectral reflectance was different between the PPO-inhibiting herbicide-resistant and –susceptible populations in the red, blue, and green wavebands. Spectral reflectance was not distinctive between the populations in the red edge waveband and the GLI. The results provide a basis for rapidly (∼48 hrs) detecting PPO-inhibiting herbicide-resistant A. retroflexus via spectral reflectance. Discrimination between target- and non-target site-resistant populations was possible only in the dose-response assay, but the assay still has utility in distinguishing herbicide-resistant plants from herbicide-susceptible plants.

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“…Plants were considered dead when the Fv/Fm ratio was zero. For most plant species, Fv/Fm ratios in the range of 0.79 to 0.84 are considered optimum, whereas lower values indicate plant stress [64,65].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Poa annua: An annual species?

Carroll

Horvath

Prorock³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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As the Latin name annua implies, the species Poa annua L. is thought to have an annual life cycle. Yet, there are many reports in literature of P. annua persisting as a perennial. Considering that P. annua senescence patterns do not align with other true annual species, we hypothesized that P. annua is similar to other perennial, C3 turfgrass species that are subject to a confluence of environmental factors that can cause mortality. Four experiments were conducted in Knoxville, TN with the objective of determining environmental factors lethal to P. annua. A field monitoring study assessed 100 P. annua plants across ten grassland micro-environments from May to October 2020. Forty plants survived the summer and confirmed the existence of perennial P. annua ecotypes. Analysis of environmental factors at the time of plant death indicated soil moisture, soil temperature, and pathogenic infection were associated with mortality. A series of glasshouse or field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of each factor on P. annua mortality. Soil moisture and soil temperature were not lethal to P. annua in the glasshouse, except under extreme conditions not typical in the field. A field study assessed mortality of plants from pathogenic infection and indicated that P. annua plants treated with fungicide throughout the summer survived year-round, whereas plants not receiving fungicide applications senesced. These findings support our hypothesis that P. annua is of a perennial life cycle, which can be influenced by environmental conditions. We suggest that the name P. annua is likely a misnomer based on its modern interpretation.

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A nondestructive leaf-disk assay for rapid diagnosis of weed resistance to multiple herbicides

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Discrimination of ACCase-inhibiting herbicides-resistant Digitaria ciliaris populations with three diagnostic bioassays

Discrimination of ACCase-inhibiting herbicides-resistant Digitaria ciliaris populations with three diagnostic bioassays

Discrimination between protoporphyrinogen oxidase–inhibiting herbicide-resistant and herbicide-susceptible redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) with spectral reflectance

Poa annua: An annual species?

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