A normative database of A-scan data using the Heidelberg Spectralis Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography machine

Abstract

Purpose To develop the first normative database of macular and circumpapillary scans with reference values at the level of the A-scan using the Heidelberg Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) machine. Methods This study is a retrospective cross sectional analysis of macular and circumpapillary OCT scans of healthy individuals. All participants had a full ophthalmic examination, including best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, biomicroscopy, posterior segment examination and OCT scan. The volume and thickness of each of the nine Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy zones at the macula were analysed for the total retinal thickness, retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL). The thickness of the circumpapillary RNFL was analysed at the disc. Associations between age, gender, refractive error and OCT measurements were explored. De-identified A-scans were extracted from the OCT machine as separate tab-separated text file and made available according to the data sharing statement. Results Two-hundred eyes from 146 participants were included of which 69 (47%) were female. The mean age (SD) was 48.52 (17.52). Participants were evenly distributed across four age groups and represented nine broad ethnic groups in proportions comparable to the local distribution. All the macular scans were 20° x 20° (5.9 mm x 5.9 mm), with a total scan density between 12,800 and 49,152 A-scans. The peripapillary scans were all 12° (3.5 mm), at a scan density of 768 A-scans. The mean retinal, GCL and IPL volumes were significantly greater in males than females. Mean peripapillary RNFL thickness did not differ significantly between males and females. Age and total retinal volume (r = –0.2561, P = 0.0003), GCL volume (–0.2911, P < 0.0001) and IPL volume (–0.3194, P < 0.0001) were negatively correlated. The IPL had the strongest three significant negatively associated segments; superior inner IPL (r = –0.3444, P < 0.0001), nasal outer IPL (r = –0.3217, P < 0.0001) and inferior inner IPL (r = –0.3179, P < 0.0001). The temporal inner macular RNFL showed a statistically significant positive correlation (r = 0.1929, P = 0.0062) with age. The only significant association between age and thickness at the peripapillary disc scan was the superior temporal sector (r = –0.1910, P = 0.0067). All retinal layers were negatively correlated for refractive error, except for the central RNFL which was positively correlated (r = 0.1426, P = 0.044). Conclusion This study provides a normative database of macular and circumpapillary scans with reference values at the level of the A-scan using the Heidelberg Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) machine.

First Description of Inheritance of a Postzygotic OPA1 Mosaic Variant

“…OCT showed a bilateral, mild, but nearly circular reduction of the peripapillary RNFL thickness ( Figure 3 B,C). Likewise, her macular ganglion cell layer volume was mildly reduced to a mean of 0.78 mm³ and 0.83 mm³ on the right and left eye, respectively ( Figure 3 D,E; mean in the respective age group = 1.12 mm³, 5th percentile = 0.99 mm³, 95th percentile = 1.25 mm³; reference data from Meyer et al (2021) [ 25 ]). Automated static perimetry and visually evoked potentials were unremarkable.…”

“…( D , E ) GCL volume quantification from macular OCT. Note the mild reduction in GCL volume (mean in the respective age group = 1.12 mm³, 5th percentile = 0.99 mm³, 95th percentile = 1.25 mm³; reference data from Meyer et al (2021) [ 25 ]).…”

Interleaved Optical Coherence Tomography: Clinical and Laboratory Biomarkers in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema

“…Grover et al [ 29 ] studied the CMT on 36 Caucasian individuals with ages ranging from 20 to 84 years and found a mean CMT of 271.4 ± 19.6 µm. Also, Meyer et al [ 30 ] studied the MV in addition to CMT on a similar study group (25 subjects with ages ranging from 69 to 88 years) and observed a CMT of 270.17 µm. In respect to the OCT measurements, for research purposes we chose a cut-off value for CMT of 270 µm and 8.59 µm 3 for MV because of the similarity between our study sample (Caucasian subjects with similar ages) and the previously cited studies.…”

Optical Coherence Tomography Significance in Managing Early Onset of Optic Pathway Gliomas in Children Younger than 5 Years of Age—A Retrospective Study

“…In contrast, a reduced pRNFL thickness may or may not have a strong relation to clinical visual sensory function and thus should not be taken as absolute evidence of visual dysfunction. In recent years, Yanni et al [ 18 ] and Bhoiwala et al [ 12 ] published normative pediatric values for macular thickness, pRNFL thickness, and retinal thickness in healthy North American children using Spectralis and Optovue SD-OCT device, respectively: average global pRNFL thickness in children aged 5–15 years was 107.6 µm using Spectralis SD-OCT, while in patients of 5 years of age mean pRNFL was 103.93 ± 10.59 µm, which is significantly higher than normative data for healthy white adults [ 19 ]. According to the literature, the mean pRNFL thickness decreases approximately by 1.5 μm per decade in the healthy eyes of adults.…”