A Note on Daily Movement Patterns of a Female Asiatic Black Bear (<i>Ursus thibetanus</i>) in a Suburban Area of Iwate Prefecture, Northeastern Japan

Sakamoto, Yoshihiro; Kunisaki, Takashi; Sawaguchi, Isao; Aoi, Toshiki; Harashina, Koji; Deguchi, Yoshitaka

doi:10.3106/041.034.0306

Cited by 37 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Studies were relatively evenly split between aquatic (48.3%) and terrestrial (52.8%) habitats and between freeranging wild animals (50%) and domesticated/captive wild animals (33/27.3%), but there were biases among taxa for these categories (Figures 3 and 4). Mammals represented 45.6% of all study species with domestic cattle and Pinnipeds being the most-studied among the mammals (14% of studies and 18% of species, respectively). Birds comprised 33.6% of all study species and 38% of avian species were either Sphenisciformes or Suliformes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown graphically in Figure 5, accelerometer voltage output of inactive or rest behavior is more or less constant, while whole-body movement of any kind produces fluctuating acceleration waveforms with high levels of variance among measurements. Of the studies examining activity budgets, 35% of authors used this variance characteristic of accelerometer waveforms to simply identify the timing of activity vs. rest [43][44][45][46]. Sixty-five percent of authors identified distinct waveforms for specific behaviors and then estimated the amount of time animals spent engaged in these behaviors such as chasing prey or feeding, flight, swimming, walking, running, climbing, standing, lying down, thermoregulation and sleeping.…”

Section: Survey Of Questions Currently Served By Accelerometry: Body mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observing the unwatchable through acceleration logging of animal behavior

et al. 2013

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Behavior is an important mechanism of evolution and it is paid for through energy expenditure. Nevertheless, field biologists can rarely observe animals for more than a fraction of their daily activities and attempts to quantify behavior for modeling ecological processes often exclude cryptic yet important behavioral events. Over the past few years, an explosion of research on remote monitoring of animal behavior using acceleration sensors has smashed the decades-old limits of observational studies. Animal-attached accelerometers measure the change in velocity of the body over time and can quantify fine-scale movements and body postures unlimited by visibility, observer bias, or the scale of space use. Pioneered more than a decade ago, application of accelerometers as a remote monitoring tool has recently surged thanks to the development of more accessible hardware and software. It has been applied to more than 120 species of animals to date. Accelerometer measurements are typically collected in three dimensions of movement at very high resolution (>10 Hz), and have so far been applied towards two main objectives. First, the patterns of accelerometer waveforms can be used to deduce specific behaviors through animal movement and body posture. Second, the variation in accelerometer waveform measurements has been shown to correlate with energy expenditure, opening up a suite of scientific questions in species notoriously difficult to observe in the wild. To date, studies of wild aquatic species outnumber wild terrestrial species and analyses of social behaviors are particularly few in number. Researchers of domestic and captive species also tend to report methodology more thoroughly than those studying species in the wild. There are substantial challenges to getting the most out of accelerometers, including validation, calibration, and the management and analysis of large quantities of data. In this review, we illustrate how accelerometers work, provide an overview of the ecological questions that have employed accelerometry, and highlight the emerging best practices for data acquisition and analysis. This tool offers a level of detail in behavioral studies of free-ranging wild animals that has previously been impossible to achieve and, across scientific disciplines, it improves understanding of the role of behavioral mechanisms in ecological and evolutionary processes. AbstractResumen: El comportamiento es un mecanismo importante de la evolución y que se paga a través del gasto de energía. Sin embargo, los biólogos de campo raramente observan los animales durante más de una fracción de sus actividades y los intentos de cuantificar el comportamiento para el modelado de los procesos ecológicos a menudo excluyen eventos crípticos pero importantes. En los últimos años se produjeron avances importantes en el monitoreo remoto del comportamiento de los animales, utilizando sensores de telemétro de aceleración (acelerómetros) que empujan los límites tradicionales de los estudios observacionales. Acelerómetros uni...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Survey Of Questions Currently Served By Accelerometry: Body mentioning

confidence: 99%

Observing the unwatchable through acceleration logging of animal behavior

et al. 2013

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“…It is also necessary to understand the distribution of article food patches, such as agriculture fields (Sakamoto et al 2009) and Kaki ( Diospyros kaki ), a traditional home garden, especially in poor mast years. In recent years, bear intrusions into human habitations have been a serious issue in various regions in the Honshu Island, Japan; 111 and 142 people were injured by bears, including 2 and 3 deaths, and 2,204 and 4,340 bears were also killed in 2004 and 2006, respectively (Ministry of the Environment Japan 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of mast production on home range use of Japanese black bears

et al. 2011

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Although bears may expand their home ranges in times of low food availability, it is unclear what mechanisms directly affect home range extension in times of low mast production in Japanese forests. To clarify the relationship between home range utilization by Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus) and abundance and distribution of mast production, we collected data on habitat use from 13 bears (6 M and 7 F) fitted with Global Positioning System (GPS) collars equipped with activity sensors in the Ashio‐Nikko Mountains on the eastern part of Honshu Island, Japan, during 2006–2008. We also collected data on mast production by 5 Fagaceae species. We categorized each fall as either poor (2006) or relatively‐good (2007 and 2008) based on mast production. Bears used small patches in their large home ranges and the distances between core areas increased in the fall of 2006, when the mast of Japanese oak (Quercus crispula) were poorly distributed. Our findings suggest that localized patches of Japanese oak are the staple food for bears in our study area, even in poor mast years. However, in the fall of 2006, we also found that bears moved to lower elevations, relative to 2007 and 2008, in search of alternative foods (e.g., Konara oak [Q. serrata] and Japanese chestnut [Castanea crenata]), which were mostly at lower elevations and produced mast consistently over the study period. Our results suggest that dispersion and elevational distribution of mast‐producing trees affect bear habitat use in fall, as well as amount of mast. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.

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“…transformed to create a binary output of presence and absence; Liu et al, 2013), at the maximum true scale statistic (Allouche et al, 2006) using the coords function of the pROC package (Robin et al, 2011) to create habitat cores for connectivity mapping. We then selected cores > 309 ha (3.09 km 2 ), which is the daily foraging requirement of an adult female U. thibetanus (Sakamoto et al, 2009; Proctor et al, 2015). Additionally, we removed small patches (< 24 km 2 ; mean monthly home range of an adult female, from our data) that were > 40 km away (half of maximum dispersal distance; Borzée et al, 2019) from large patches (> 46 km 2 ; mean annual home range of an adult female, from our data; methods from Lyons et al, 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a spatially explicit individual-based model to predict population trajectories and habitat connectivity for a reintroduced ursid

Andersen

BorzÃe

et al. 2021

Oryx

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Reintroductions of large carnivore species present unique opportunities to model population dynamics as populations can be monitored from the beginning of a reintroduction. However, analysis of the population dynamics of such reintroduced populations is rare and may be limited in incorporating the complex movements and environmental interactions of large carnivores. Starting in 2004, Asiatic black bears Ursus thibetanus were reintroduced and tracked in the Republic of Korea, along with their descendants, using radio telemetry, yielding 33,924 tracking points over 12 years. Along with information about habitat use, landscape, and resource availability, we estimated the population equilibrium and dispersal capability of the reintroduced population. We used a mixed modelling approach to determine suitable habitat areas, population equilibria for three different resources-based scenarios, and least-cost pathways (i.e. corridors) for dispersal. Our population simulations provided a mean population equilibrium of 64 individuals at the original reintroduction site and a potential maximum of 1,438 individuals in the country. The simulation showed that the bear population will disperse to nearby mountainous areas, but a second reintroduction will be required to fully restore U. thibetanus. Northern suitable habitats are currently disconnected and natural re-population is unlikely to happen unless supported. Our methodologies and findings are also relevant for determining the outcome and trajectories of reintroduced populations of other large carnivores.

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A Note on Daily Movement Patterns of a Female Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus) in a Suburban Area of Iwate Prefecture, Northeastern Japan

Cited by 37 publications

References 26 publications

Observing the unwatchable through acceleration logging of animal behavior

Observing the unwatchable through acceleration logging of animal behavior

Effect of mast production on home range use of Japanese black bears

Use of a spatially explicit individual-based model to predict population trajectories and habitat connectivity for a reintroduced ursid

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