A note on the surface topography of profiled wood decking

Cheng, Kenneth J.; Evans, Philip D.

doi:10.1080/00049158.2015.1124826

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This profile is very similar to two profiles that are used commercially in Australia and Europe to manufacture decking from radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) (Figure 1) and European larch (Larix decidua Mill. ), respectively [19]. Therefore, manufacture of profiled decking using our standard rib profile would accord with commercial practice in Australia and Europe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Confocal profilometry, using a 3 mm probe at a gauge resolution of 0.333 nm and a spacing of 10 µm, was used to obtain numerical values for the height, width, groove radii, and peak radii of profiles in each sample, and also to create high quality images of samples after weathering [19,23]. Profiled samples and the matching flat controls cut from each of the six parent boards were screwed to separate wooden sub-frames made from pressure-treated "2 × 6 lumber to create six mini-decks.…”

Section: Characterization Of Profiled Decking Boards and Outdoor Weatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Manufacture of Profiled Amabilis Fir Deckboards with Reduced Susceptibility to Surface Checking

Cheng

Evans

2018

JMMP

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Machining grooves and ridges (peaks) into the surface of wooden deckboards reduces undesirable checking that develops when "profiled" boards are exposed to the weather. We aim to develop improved profiles for amabilis fir decking to reduce its susceptibility to checking, and also to examine whether profiling influences distortion (cupping) of deckboards. We systematically varied radii of grooves and peaks, and the heights and widths of peaks in profiled deckboards, exposed them to the weather, and measured checking and cupping of boards. Profiling significantly reduced the numbers and sizes of checks in amabilis fir deckboards, but increased cupping. Profiles with narrow grooves and tall peaks were generally better at restricting checking than profiles with wide grooves and shorter peaks. Our results suggest that one of the profiles we tested would be better at restricting checking than profiles used previously to manufacture profiled decking from amabilis fir. We conclude that the surface checking of profiled amabilis fir decking can be significantly reduced by altering the geometry of surface profiles. In principal, the same approach could be used with other softwood species that have potential to capture a share of the large and important market for wood decking.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterization Of Profiled Decking Boards and Outdoor Weatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacture of Profiled Amabilis Fir Deckboards with Reduced Susceptibility to Surface Checking

Cheng

Evans

2018

JMMP

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“…These four samples from each parent board were then machined to a similar thickness of 31 mm using a rotary planer (Martin T44, Otto Martin Maschinenbau, Ottobeuren, Germany). The three clearest defect-free samples from each board were allocated at random to three profiles (ribble, ripple and flat, Table 2, Figure 1) [6]. Samples from the first parent board were assigned at random to the three different profile types, including the unprofiled, flat, control.…”

Section: Sample Boardmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decking market is a large and important end-use for treated timber, and in the US alone over 3.6 billion lineal feet (1.1 billion metres) of decking valued at 7.1 billion dollars is manufactured each year [3]. In North America, most wooden decking is smooth on both sides, but in Asia, Australia, Europe and New Zealand, profiled decking that has small ridges and grooves machined into the surface of boards is common [4][5][6]. Profiling makes the surface of wood less slippery [5], and it also reduces the negative effects of weathering checks on the appearance of decking [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Image Correlation of Strains at Profiled Wood Surfaces Exposed to Wetting and Drying

2018

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Abstract:We hypothesize that machining grooves and ridges into the surface of radiata pine deck boards will change the pattern of strains that develop when profiled boards are exposed to wetting and drying. Two wavy profiles were tested, and flat unprofiled boards acted as controls. Full-field surface strain data was collected using digital image correlation. Strains varied across the surface of both flat and profiled boards during wetting and drying. Profiling fundamentally changed surface strain patterns; strain maxima and minima developed in the profile ridges and grooves during wetting, respectively, but this pattern of strains reversed during drying. Such a pronounced reversal of strains was not observed when flat boards were exposed to wetting and drying, although there was a shift towards negative strains when flat boards were dried. We conclude that profiling changes surface strain distribution in deck boards exposed to wetting and drying, and causes high strains to develop in the grooves of profiled boards. These findings help explain why checks in profiled deck boards are mainly confined to profile grooves where they are difficult to see, and the commercial success of profiling at reducing the negative effects of checking on the appearance of wood decking.

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“…The checking of wood used outdoors can also be restricted by machining micro-grooves into the surface of wood [4][5][6]. Micro-grooving, hereafter referred to as profiling, is commonly applied to deckboards manufactured in Asia, Australia, Europe and New Zealand, but it is uncommon in North America [7,8]. The decking market in North America is valued at $US 7 billion per annum, and wood products command 84% of the market [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Surface Micro Grooving to Reduce the Checking and Cupping of Douglas Fir, Western Hemlock and White Spruce Decking Exposed to Natural Weathering

Heshmati

Mazloomi

Evans

2018

JMMP

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Machining grooves into the surface of pine and fir (Abies spp.) deckboards reduces undesirable checking that develops when “profiled” boards are exposed to the weather. We aim to develop improved profiles for Douglas fir, western hemlock and white spruce decking to reduce their susceptibility to checking, and understand how profile geometry influences the stresses that cause checking. We varied the width and depth of grooves in profiled deckboards, exposed deckboards to the weather, and measured checking and cupping of boards. A numerical model examined the effect of groove depth on the moisture-induced stresses in profiled spruce boards. Profiling significantly reduced checking, but increased cupping of deckboards made from all three species. Western hemlock checked more than the other two species. Profiles with narrow grooves (rib profiles) were better at restricting checking than profiles with wider grooves. A rib profile with deeper grooves developed smaller stresses than a rib profile with shallower grooves, and boards with the former profile checked less than boards with shallower grooves. We conclude that checking of profiled Douglas fir, western hemlock and white spruce decking is significantly reduced by changing profile geometry, and our results suggest the best profiles to reduce checking of all three species.

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A note on the surface topography of profiled wood decking

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Manufacture of Profiled Amabilis Fir Deckboards with Reduced Susceptibility to Surface Checking

Manufacture of Profiled Amabilis Fir Deckboards with Reduced Susceptibility to Surface Checking

Digital Image Correlation of Strains at Profiled Wood Surfaces Exposed to Wetting and Drying

Optimizing Surface Micro Grooving to Reduce the Checking and Cupping of Douglas Fir, Western Hemlock and White Spruce Decking Exposed to Natural Weathering

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