A Note on the use of Ignition Loss as a Means for the Approximate Estimation of Soil Bulk Density

Jeffrey, David W.

doi:10.2307/2258183

Cited by 80 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The bulk density ρ b (g cm −3 ) used in the PTFs was estimated from the organic matter OM (%) values (Table 2) by the relationship proposed by Jeffrey et al (1970), which showed to provide good results for the soils data of the area (ERSAL, 2001).…”

Section: Pedo-transfer Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainty in the determination of soil hydraulic parameters and its influence on the performance of two hydrological models of different complexity

Baroni

Facchi

Gandolfi

et al. 2010

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Data of soil hydraulic properties forms often a limiting factor in unsaturated zone modelling, especially at the larger scales. Investigations for the hydraulic characterization of soils are time-consuming and costly, and the accuracy of the results obtained by the different methodologies is still debated. However, we may wonder how the uncertainty in soil hydraulic parameters relates to the uncertainty of the selected modelling approach. We performed an intensive monitoring study during the cropping season of a 10 ha maize field in Northern Italy. The data were used to: i) compare different methods for determining soil hydraulic parameters and ii) evaluate the effect of the uncertainty in these parameters on different variables (i.e. evapotranspiration, average water content in the root zone, flux at the bottom boundary of the root zone) simulated by two hydrological models of different complexity: SWAP, a widely used model of soil moisture dynamics in unsaturated soils based on Richards equation, and ALHyMUS, a conceptual model of the same dynamics based on a reservoir cascade scheme. We employed five direct and indirect methods to determine soil hydraulic parameters for each horizon of the experimental profile. Two methods were based on a parameter optimization of: a) laboratory measured retention and hydraulic conductivity data and b) field measured retention and hydraulic conductivity data. The remaining three methods were based on the application of widely used Pedo-Transfer Functions: c) Rawls and Brakensiek, d) HYPRES, and e) ROSETTA. Simulations were performed using meteorological, irrigation and crop data measured at the experimental site during the period June -October 2006. Results showed a wide range of soil hydraulic parameter values generated with the different Correspondence to: G. Baroni (gabriele.baroni@email.it) methods, especially for the saturated hydraulic conductivity K sat and the shape parameter α of the van Genuchten curve. This is reflected in a variability of the modeling results which is, as expected, different for each model and each variable analysed. The variability of the simulated water content in the root zone and of the bottom flux for different soil hydraulic parameter sets is found to be often larger than the difference between modeling results of the two models using the same soil hydraulic parameter set. Also we found that a good agreement in simulated soil moisture patterns may occur even if evapotranspiration and percolation fluxes are significantly different. Therefore multiple output variables should be considered to test the performances of methods and models.

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Section: Pedo-transfer Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainty in the determination of soil hydraulic parameters and its influence on the performance of two hydrological models of different complexity

Baroni

Facchi

Gandolfi

et al. 2010

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Soil organic content was determined by percentage loss on ignition at 550°C. Approximate soil bulk density was estimated from % organic content (Jeffrey 1970). …”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant community ecology of Pinus sylvestris, an extirpated species reintroduced to Ireland

2009

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Plantation forests can make a significant contribution to the conservation of native biodiversity, especially where native forest cover is low. Ireland is used as a case study to explore the contribution to biodiversity made by stands of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine), a reintroduced species. Despite its disputed native status, P. sylvestris is being widely planted in semi-natural habitats in Ireland. The associated vegetation communities have not previously been described and their conservation value is unknown. Baseline information is needed to inform conservation and forest management strategies. Botanical surveys were carried out at 20 plots of P. sylvestris-dominated woodland and scrub throughout the Republic of Ireland. Vegetation, structural and environmental data were recorded. Data were analysed using nonparametric and multivariate statistical techniques and a synoptic table was prepared. P. sylvestris was found to be a non-specialist in terms of its environmental tolerances. b diversity among plots was high while a diversity within plots was low to moderate. The plots surveyed contained 14.2% of the Irish native flora. There was a low level of constancy of species. Four reasonably well defined vegetation communities were identified. Soil pH, altitude and slope had important roles in partitioning these vegetation types and soil pH was positively correlated with species richness. P. sylvestris is well established, well integrated and naturalising in Irish semi-natural habitats. Some of the associated vegetation communities corresponded to habitats of international conservation importance. This research demonstrates that stands of P. sylvestris represent an important resource for Ireland's native botanical and habitat diversity.

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“…Organic matter content was determined by loss on ignition. Soil element percentages were converted to mg/L after calculation of bulk density following the method of Jeffrey (1970). Adjacent to one of the 100 m 2 plots in each site, a 30 cm deep soil pit was dug, the soil profile was sketched and the soil type determined according to the Irish classification (Gardiner and Radford 1980).…”

Section: Data Sampling Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The early effects of afforestation on biodiversity of grasslands in Ireland

Buscardo

Smith

Kelly

et al. 2008

Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation

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The target rate of afforestation in Ireland over the next 30 years is 20,000 ha per year, which would result in an increase of the forest cover from the current 10% to 17%. In order to promote sustainable forest management practices, it is essential to know the composition and conservation value of habitats where afforestation is planned and the effects of subsequent planting upon biodiversity. The objectives of this study were to investigate changes in vegetation composition and diversity of grasslands 5 years after afforestation with Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) and determine the primary ecological and management factors responsible for these changes. Species cover, environmental and management data were collected from 16 afforested and unplanted improved and wet grassland site pairs in Ireland. Our results indicate that 5 years after tree planting, there were significant changes in richness, composition, and abundance of species. Competitive and vigorous grasses were more abundant in planted than in unplanted sites, as were generalist species found in both open and wooded habitats, while small-stature shadesensitive species were less abundant. Vascular plant species richness and Shannon's diversity index were higher in unplanted wet grassland, than in the planted sites. Bryophyte species richness was higher in planted improved grassland than in unplanted sites. The differences were primarily the result of the exclusion of grazing, ground preparation, changes in nutrient management and drainage for afforestation. Drainage ditches provided a temporary habitat for less competitive species, but the overall effect of drainage was to reduce the diversity of species dependent on wet conditions. Variance partitioning showed differences in the relative influences of environmental and management variables on biodiversity in the two habitats, probably due to the greater pre-afforestation grazing pressure and fertilisation levels in improved grasslands. The differences in biodiversity 123Biodivers Conserv (2008) 17:1057-1072 DOI 10.1007 between planted and unplanted grasslands indicate that afforestation represents a threat to semi-natural habitats where distinctive and highly localised plant communities could potentially occur.

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A Note on the use of Ignition Loss as a Means for the Approximate Estimation of Soil Bulk Density

Cited by 80 publications

References 3 publications

Uncertainty in the determination of soil hydraulic parameters and its influence on the performance of two hydrological models of different complexity

Uncertainty in the determination of soil hydraulic parameters and its influence on the performance of two hydrological models of different complexity

Plant community ecology of Pinus sylvestris, an extirpated species reintroduced to Ireland

The early effects of afforestation on biodiversity of grasslands in Ireland

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