“…Biosensor is an analysis device consisting of a biosensor and transducer. It mainly uses antigens (antibodies), various sensitive enzymes, alkaloids, and gene sequences to detect microorganisms ( Shiba 2006 ; Wang et al, 2013 ; Liu et al, 2017c ; Ma et al, 2020b ; Guo et al, 2021 ; Das and Mishra, 2022 ). When the sample to be tested reacts with the above substances, biological interactions will occur, which can then be converted into measurable electrical signals by signal transducers, which can be read and detected by signal amplifiers ( Lai et al, 2018a ; Lai et al, 2018b ; Huang et al, 2021 ).…”