A novel acidic microenvironment microsphere for enhanced bioavailability of carvedilol: Comparison of solvent evaporated and surface-attached system

Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of Rivaroxaban-Loaded Microspheres by Optimizing the Polymer and Surfactant Based on Molecular Interaction Mechanisms

“…The pharmacokinetic parameters of RXB were obtained after the oral administration of pure RXB powder and selected microspheres (formulations IV and VIII). Formulation IV, the selected RXB-loaded microspheres, consisted of RXB/PVP/SLS at a weight ratio of 1:0.25:2, whereas formulation VIII had a RXB/PVP/SLS weight ratio of 1:1:2 Figure shows the mean plasma concentration profile of RXB after oral administration of RXB powder and selected RXB microspheres (formulations IV and VIII) at a dose of 10 mg/kg .…”

“…The drug and the selected polymer and surfactant were stirred until completely dissolved in 2.5 L of a For solubility test of the RXB-loaded microspheres, an excess amount of each sample (equivalent to 1 mg of RXB) was added to 1 mL of distilled water in a 2 mL Eppendorf tube, vortexed, shaken in a water bath (Daihan Scientific, Wonju, South Korea) at 25 °C for 3 days, and centrifuged at 10,000g for 10 min (Smart 15; Hanil Science Industrial Co., Gangneung, South Korea). 26 The supernatant was then filtered through a nylon filter (0.45 μm). The filtered samples were diluted with DMSO to quantify RXB using HPLC, as described in Section 2.2.…”

“…Formulation IV, the selected RXB-loaded microspheres, consisted of RXB/PVP/SLS at a weight ratio of 1:0.25:2, whereas formulation VIII had a RXB/PVP/SLS weight ratio of 1:1:2. 26 Figure 6 shows the mean plasma concentration profile of RXB after oral administration of RXB powder and selected RXB microspheres (formulations IV and VIII) at a dose of 10 mg/kg. 19 The microsphere formulations had higher plasma concentrations of RXB at each time point than RXB powder.…”